Friday, May 31, 2019

In The Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl by Ray Bradbury and The Tell Ess

In The Fruit at the idler of the Bowl by Ray Bradbury and The TellTale Hear by Edgar Allen Poe, both authors have to convince thereader that the main characters is mad. How do they do that? Whichportrayal is more effective? Why?1.The two stories that are going to be compared and contrasted areThe Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl by Ray Bradbury and The TellTale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe. Both stories are about murder and howthe murderers react after the killings. In the story The Tell TaleHeart, Edgar Allen Poe writes about the murderers obsession and fearof an sr. mans clouded eye that drives him to kill. When officers ofthe law come to question him, he imagines noises from the wilddismembered body, which forces him to admit his crime. In the secondstory, The Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl by Ray Bradbury anothermurder has been committed. The author uses flash backs to explainwhere the murderer has been so that he could wipe out all traces ofhis fingerprints and presence at the ho use, his search for gloves thenhis obsession with cleaning everywhere, which eventually leads to hisarrest. Both stories are about obsessions, in one the obsession causedthe murder, in the other the obsession was with cleaning away alltraces of the murderer is present at the scene of the crime after themurder. My lay will be to show how both murderers were mad, or becamemad.2.In the story The Tell Tale Heart, the murderer has no motive formurder other than his obsession. One of the old mans eyes, wasclouded over and resembled a vultures eye, so the narrator could havebeen mad even before he killed the old man. In The Fruit at theBottom of the Bowl, the murderer was driven to jealousy... ...chandelierwith its long pearls of rainbow glass.He becomes haunted by Huxley hearing once more Huxleys voice,remembering all the touchings and gesturings, before loosing control.Acton sobbed heavily he hurled the pottery against the wallEarly in the morning after the murder Acton was found in th e atticthe entire house was polished to a brilliance everythingglittered. Everything shone, everything was bright. On the way outActon polished the front door knob with his handkerchief.This showed the way he lost control after the murder and hisobsesiveness led him to madness by the thought of what he had done.Although he was not mad at the beginning we could see how he becamemore and more mad as the story went on.This is develop than the other story The Tell-Tale heart when the manshowed sign of madness from the beginning of the story.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Daycare: The Effects On Children Essay -- essays research papers

With the successes of welfare reform and the high turnout of female college graduates mothers are increasingly, entering the workforce. As affirmed by the Wilson Quarterly (Autumn 98, Vol. 22 Issue 4), Ben Wildavsky, a staff correspondent for the National Journal (Jan. 24, 1998), provides statistical background. In 1997, nearly 42 percent of women with children under sextette were working full-time, 5 percent were looking for work, 18 percent had part-time jobs, and 35 percent were not working outdoor(a) the home (p.115). Using these figures it is utter that 65 percent of women with children aged younger than six are working or would like to be. Daycare is a necessity for the majority of working American mothers.Within the past 20 years child social developmentalists have accumulated evidence to show that unless children gain minimal social competence by the age of six years, they have a high probability of being at risk throughout life. (Denham & Burton, 1996) Thus peer relat ionships contribute a great deal to both social and cognitive development and to the effectiveness with which we function as adults. Others suggest that the number of caregivers and the amount of time children spend onward from parents harms parent-child relationships thus, weakening cognitive and emotional development (Kelly, 2000). This paper will discuss the effects of daycare on children and how to choose one of high quality.Many daycare opponents believe bonding, a strong emotional attachment that forms between a child and parent, is disrupted when mothers and fathers rely on others to be substitute parents. Children who are steadfastly bonded to parents are more confident in their explorations of their environment and have a higher sense of self-esteem than children who are insecurely bonded to their parents. Dr. Stanley Greenspan, a professor of psychological medicine and pediatrics at George Washington University Medical School, who has authored several books including th e recent book, The Irreducible Needs of Children says, A warm, loving human relationship is very important for talented development. Children form their capacity to think and self-image based on these back-and-forth interactions. Fewer of these are happening, because families are so busy and more care is being done outside the home. Studies show that for all ages, 85 percent of day care is not high quality (Kelly, 200... ...ay Setting. Child Study Journal, 28(3) (1998). 225-245.Kelly, K. (2000, October 30). Child Docs to Parents Stay Home and Save your Kids. U.S. word & World Report, 129(4), 65Oesterreich, L. Childcare Checklist for Parents PM 1805 <a href="http//www.extension.iastate.edu/Pages/pubs/">http//www.extension.iastate.edu/Pages/pubs/. (December 1999)Schuetze, P., Lewis, A., & DiMartino, D. Relation Between Time Spent in Daycare and Exploratory Behaviors in 9-month-old Infants., Infant Behavior & Development 22(2) (1999), 267-276Schumacher, R. B. &a mp Carlson, R. S. Variables and Risk Factors Associated with Child Abuse in Daycare Settings., Child Abuse & Neglect, 23(9) (1999) 891-898.The Battle everyplace Child Care, Wilson Quarterly Autumn 98, 22(4), 115-116Waterman, J., Kelly, R. J., Oliveri, M. K., & McCord, J. (1993). Behind the Playground Wall Sexual Abuse in Preschool. New York. Guilford Press.Wilson, E. and Tweedie, P. S. Selecting Quality Child Care. National web for Child Care <a href="http//www.nncc.org/Choose.Quality.Care/select.care.html">http//www.nncc.org/Choose.Quality.Care/select.care.html. (December 1996).

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

The Endless Circle in William Faulkners Barn Burning :: Barn Burning Essays

The Endless Circle in William Faulkners Barn Burning William Faulkners short study Barn Burning is the tale of a southernman forced into a role by society. Barn Burning takes place in the target CivilWar South where a mans place in society is derived by their actions during thewar. Ab Snopse, a man who served both the North and the South, is plagued withhis non-allegiance and failure to deport authority. When Ab comes into conflictwith his employer, he finds himself taking control from the authority figure,and reverting back to his mercenary ways. Having no allegiance, Ab makes themove from helping hand to the resistance by burning down barns. Along with many of Faulkners short stories, Barn Burning is set inthe imaginary Mississippi county of Yoknapatawpha. During the restoration ofthe South, the time rate of flow following the Civil War, the only thing that kept theSouth alive and running where the memories of fallen heroes and the belief thatthe South would someday regain th e status that it had one time held. Families likethe Sartorises and the de Spains were glorified and praised for honors thattheir family members had achieved during battle. The honor that families likethese were granted placed them in public offices, and gave them opportunities toprosper where opposites could only dream about. This same honor seemed to carry onto those who shared the names of the great war heroes. Hey, the Justice said.Talk louder. Colonel Sartoris? I reckon anybody named for Colonel Sartoris inthis county cant help but tell the truth, can they? (Kennedy 163). On the other hand, the Snopses are viewed as dishonorable. During thewar, Ab Snopse was considered a mercenary for serving both sides of the way. ...nights passed during those four years in the woods hiding from all men, blueand gray, with his string section of horses (captured horses, he called them) (165).Ab stole horses from the North and the South, to earn a living. He was evenshot by a confederate sold ier, His father turned, and he followed the remainsblack coat, the wiry figure walking a little stiffly from where a Confederateprovosts mans musket ball had taken him in the heel on a stolen horse thirtyyears ago...(164). Actions like these caused the community to look down uponthe Snopses, which in turn caused Ab to invoke revenge upon his adversaries. When Ab comes into conflict with an employer, he reverts to his oldCivil War ways of non allegiance to benefit himself.

breaking the norm Essay -- essays research papers

Breaking the NormsWhen each of us was conceived, we did not have anything influencing our perception of the world. While we were growing up and still do this day, our surroundings influenced the look we think and the how we behave in our daily lives. We get ideas about gender roles from our parents, our teachers, television, books and even subconsciously. As part of a project to break the norms of society and poke past peoples thresholds, I needed to figure out what made people smack uncomfortable. I thought for a moment and stubborn to tackle homophobia. I choose this topic because very few men are comfortable talking about the subject of gay men. It is my objective to better understand wherefore men think the way we do. In order to get started I needed to brainstorm.After a little bit of deliberation, Juan and some other priapic classmates decided to hold hands and walk through the student union. Picture four grown men holding each others hands, walking through the pump of campus. As you can imagine, we received a lot of looks. We walked around for about five minutes as if nothing was going on. People seemed to be arrant(a) at us for a moment saying to themselves what are they doing? This is something that never happens in society. You hardly ever see men holding hands, much slight four grown men swinging each others arms. Honestly, my starting line thought was that we would look so gay if we did this. Others in the group were skeptical at first to do this as well. When we walked into class, the students seem to cringe when they saw us take our seats. After that day I decided to take my project one feel farther and push past everyones threshold. In order to break the norms of society and truly make people uncomfortable, I decided to wear the assumption pink for the entire day of school. I went to the local Savers and purchased several items that were very feminine. I bought a pair of pink and yellow striped bellbottoms and a buckram pink collare d shirt. I wore the clothes to school in the hopes to witness the students reactions to me wearing clothes completely out of the ordinary. After attending two classes that day, I decided to talk to some friends of mine. They all told me that I looked like a fag. I finally had broke the norms of society and at the same time caught my friends stereot... ...ey take it in the rear Some of the men I asked even said they felt homosexuality is like a disease that you might rub off on you if you get too close. Many of these men felt like their families would disown them. My feeling is that if you are not gay therefore you have no background to be afraid of someone who is. I feel that if you have no doubt in your sexuality then you wouldnt feel threatened by someone who is. I dont feel that men are truly independent or confident enough to let go and feel as comfortable as females do. I feel that the social construction of our society needs to be modified. Men need to be taught that it is okay to project emotion and that whatever their sexuality is, it doesnt matter. To be more masculine we should learn to cope with our sexuality, and not be afraid. Masculinity does not mean without feeling, it manner being strong and coming to terms with who you are. Wearing a pink shirt or holding hands with someone doesnt mean anything then just that. With so many influences changing our perception of the world, its hard to make the right choices. You should not be so quick to judge someone, and in this case, why does it matter?

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

CRT Monitors vs. LCD Monitors Essay -- Compare Contrast Comparison

CRT Monitors vs. LCD Monitors The monitor is likely the most important part of the computer. Without it, you would have no subject what you were doing. Imagine trying to write a term paper, or surf the Internet without one. It would be impossible. While the technology powering the displays doesnt change as dissolute as it does for other parts of the computer, there are advances which provide consumers with many choices for displays. Today, the most popular displays come in two types, Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) and Liquid crystal Displays (LCDs). CRTs have been around longer, and are the most common due to the fact that they are cheaper. However the convenient size of LCDs along with falling prices has made them a popular choice as of late. This paper will examine the similarities and differences of the two, and try to determine if one is better than the other. The CRT monitors work in a look similar to that of standard television sets. An electron gun is moun ted at the back of the monitor. The gun fires a steam of electrons in a sweeping query towards the front of the monitor. The electrons then pass through either an aperture grille, or a shadow mask. These items work to filter the electrons into focused beams onto the front plate. The grill does this via thin plumb wires, while the mask does this with a series of small holes. afterward passing through the filter, the electrons collide with the screen. The screen is covered with a serried of red, green and yellow-bellied phosphors that light up when hit by the electrons. By combining different intensities of the three colors, many different colors and images can be created. While LCDs in any case create pictures by lighting up red, green and yellow pixels, the ... ...f whether the extra cost of the LCD is worth the space it will save on the desk. After examining the two types of monitors, it seems that they are similar in more aspects than they are different . Over the last few years LCD screens have closed the gap in many of the categories in which the CRT was superior. In most cases, the choice depends on the personal preference of the individual user. For the hard-core gamer or digital artist a CRT may be slightly better due to the faster response time and better color purity. For most consumers the choice of an LCD or CRT monitor will depend on the price issue. While the cost of LCD screens has been declining over the past few years, they are still substantially more expensive that a comparable CRT. However if money isnt an issue, a slim and sleek looking LCD might be the way to go over the massive CRT behemoths.

CRT Monitors vs. LCD Monitors Essay -- Compare Contrast Comparison

CRT Monitors vs. LCD Monitors The proctor is likely the most important part of the computer. Without it, you would have no idea what you were doing. Imagine severe to write a term paper, or surf the Internet without one. It would be impossible. While the technology powering the displays doesnt change as fast as it does for separate parts of the computer, there argon advances which provide consumers with many elections for displays. Today, the most popular displays come in two types, Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) and Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs). CRTs have been almost longer, and are the most common due to the fact that they are cheaper. However the convenient size of LCDs along with falling prices has made them a popular choice as of late. This paper will examine the similarities and differences of the two, and try to determine if one is better than the other. The CRT monitors work in a fashion similar to that of precedent television sets. An electron gun is m ounted at the back of the monitor. The gun fires a steam of electrons in a sweeping motion towards the front of the monitor. The electrons because pass through either an aperture grille, or a shadow conceal. These items work to filter the electrons into focused beams onto the front plate. The grill does this via thin vertical wires, while the mask does this with a series of small holes. After passing through the filter, the electrons collide with the screen. The screen is c everywhereed with a serried of red, green and yellow phosphors that light up when hit by the electrons. By combining different intensities of the three colors, many different colors and images can be created. While LCDs also create pictures by lighting up red, green and yellow pixels, the ... ...f whether the extra cost of the LCD is worth the space it will save on the desk. After examining the two types of monitors, it seems that they are similar in more aspects than they are different. Over the last few years LCD screens have closed the gap in many of the categories in which the CRT was superior. In most cases, the choice depends on the personal preference of the individual user. For the hard-core gamer or digital artist a CRT may be slightly better due to the faster response time and better color purity. For most consumers the choice of an LCD or CRT monitor will depend on the price issue. While the cost of LCD screens has been declining over the past few years, they are still considerably more overpriced that a comparable CRT. However if money isnt an issue, a slim and sleek looking LCD might be the way to go over the massive CRT behemoths.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Using Material from Item a and Elsewhere

Using material from item A and elsewhere assess the view that social class differences in educational execution atomic number 18 the result of school processes such as setling. Social class is typically known as social grouping or hierarchy ground on differences in wealth, income or occupation. In the UK there are mainly two social classes operative class and middle class. 33% of students who are currently on free school meals achieve 5A*-C at GCSE, however 61% of students who are not on free school meals also achieve 5A*-C grades. 0% of the failing school are from deprived areas, and 79% of children from a higher professional family are more likely to go to university, whilst only 15% of children from unskilled and manual backgrounds go to work. Sub cultures are a group of people within society who share the same norms, values, beliefs and attitude that go against the main blow in society. This is usually different from or opposed to the main stream culture, for instance an anti-school subculture is more likely to be formed by pupils in commence streams.This is backed up by They have examined the way in which labelling is linked to other processes within schools that result in class differences in achievement (Item A) These processes intromit self-fulfilling prophecy, streaming and the formation of pupil subcultures (Item A) Therefore working class children will underachieve and middle class children will continue to progress. This can disadvantage working class children because of the use of home and school contracts.The education triage for working class are labelled as hopeless cases which and so produces a selffulfilling prophecy and failure, which then leads to working class children going under stereotypical ideas. However, some labelled students go against their label to prove teachers wrong, which pushes them to do just as well as middle class children. Labelling is to attach a meaning or definition. Typically teachers label students as, br ight, thick or hardworking. This usually asks working class students as they are labelled thick.This is backed up from item A some sociologists explain social class differences in achievement in terms of school processes such as labelling According to Cicourel and Kitsuse teachers judge students according to their ability, social class and race. Labelling can lead to self fulfilling prophecy where the student will accept the label and do what is expected of that particular label. However, this can advantage working class children to work against their label and achieve the best possible grades.According to the Sutton Trust 80% of pagan minority pupils aspire to go to university. This goes on to show that labelling working class children can uphold their final grade. Another process that school use that affect educational achievement is streaming. This process is when students are put into groups according to capability. These processes include the self-fulfilling prophecy, stream ing and the formation of pupil subcultures (Item A). Becker begins to believe that the capability groups are those who will pass, those who readiness pass and those who will not pass.However, Stephen Ball takes the analysis a step further to abolish banding, in favour of teaching mixed ability groups. This has created refreshing opportunities for schools and teachers. This is to differentiate between pupils on the basis of their class, ethnicity or gender and to not treat them unequally. Therefore showing that streaming is a major factor in underachievement. Finally Self-fulfilling prophecy can affect educational achievement. This process consists of a prediction that comes true simply by virtue of it having it being made.This can affect those less able because it foes against the main stream. This is backed up by Gilbourn and Youdell have examined the role of educational policies in creating the context for such school processes to take stake (Item A) Gilbourn and Youdell shows how teachers notions of ability conclude to their decisions of which pupils have the potential to achieve 5A*-C grade gcses. Neil Keddie then argues that the more intelligent students get taught more complex and advanced information and methods sequence the students in the lower sets are not recognised and being left behind.However Rosenthal and Jacobson performed an experiment where they picked random students from the class who were also working class and told teachers they are able to improve, this later resulted in teachers spending more time with these selected students which made them improve and achieve better. Therefore showing that self-fulfilling prophecy can have an effect in education underachievement. To conclude sub cultures, labelling, streaming and self-fulfilling prophecy can effect education underachievement, due to social class, gender and race.Being labelled tends to be based on your social class, where you will be labelled between smart and dumb. Streaming is typically based on your ability on whether youre smart or dumb. Also, sub cultures and self-fulfilling prophecy is known to go under all social class, gender and race as it is a group of people who tend to go against the norms, beliefs and values of mean stream sub culture. However education underachievement cannot just be a social class difference, it has internal factors as well as external factors.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Current Article: Deviance & Control

Current Article Deviance & Control I chose an article from the Atlanta Metro Newspaper. The article I chose to spare about had to do with Bishop Eddie dogged and his ex-wifes allegations of his beating her throughout their marriage. There is a lot going on in the news about Mr. Long and his allegations of sexual coercion with cardinal young men. If this isnt a compliance of deviance, than I dont what is. I know deviance deals with crime that that snap cultural norms and this subject breaks a lot of our cultural norms as Americans.You would think that a Bishop would not fit this topic at all, but it just goes to attest that anyone is capable of committing a crime, even a Bishop. I feel that the author uses assorted sociological perspectives. This article isnt necessarily trying to get the indorser to believe that Mr. Long is guilty of these allegations the author is simply stating that it is out of the norm to hear about a Bishop creation accused of beating his wife and s exual coercion. With a fallacy, an argument of some sort should be brought up in the case. The fallacy of logic in this article is whether or not Mr.Long is guilty of the allegations brought by his wife of domestic violence during their marriage. This would actually be a deductive argument being that his wife is a witness and that the argument contains some form of evidence that could back this allegation up. Another fallacy brought up in this article is accusing Mr. Long of sexual coercion on four counts with four different victims. This fallacy would also be an example of a deductive argument because it involves victims who are actual witnesses to the crime. I actually would not have enured the subject any different.The author used great reasoning for her belief and opinion throughout the article which is how I would have handled the subject. Just because Mr. Long is a Bishop, does not mean that he should be treated any different in this situation. This is not the first case of a pastor or bishop being accused for such allegations. I know for me and my cultural, it is just shocking to see and African American Bishop of a Baptist church being accused for two different harsh allegations.Link http//www. ajc. com/news/dekalb/bishop-eddie-long-ex-646136. html

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Pathogenic Parasite and Waterborne Diseases in Three Stations

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Rivers be the bodies of wet bearing an immense biological grandeur. Though they dispel only about 0. 0001% of the total amount of body of pissing in the world at any given time, rivers are vital carriers of body of water supply and nutrients to areas all to the highest degree the earth, they are essential components of the hydrological cycle, for they act as drainage channels for surface water and they inspection and repair as habitat for various organisms (Hebert, 2011). With rapid increase of the democracys population and urbanization, bodies of water tremendously began to be polluted.This event commenced the contaminant of potable water as well as the widespread occurrence of waterborne infirmitys. Waterborne diseases are often ca part by poriferans which are directly transmitted through consuming polluted drinking water. Any water reserve, infested with pathogenic parasites, used in the preparation of food raft be c onsidered as a quotation of foodborne disease and could be easily transmitted through consumption of the said(prenominal) pathogenic parasites. These diseases commonly affect the digestive tract as well as the other(a) vital parts of the body that may be inglorious to anyone curiously those who are immunocompromised (WHO, 2004).Globally, waterborne diseases such as profligacy accounts for 1. 5 million oddments annually fit in to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on its idea in 2010. It is considered one of the most dangerous diseases that could be acquired in flowing water and is a major health problem for underdeveloped countries. Also, according to World Health Organization (WHO) on its report in 2004, diarrheal disease accounts for an estimated 4. 1% of the total Disability-ad sightlyed Life Year (DALY) global burden of disease and is responsible for the deaths of 1. million people every course of demand. It was estimated that 88% of that burden is attrib utable to unsafe water supply, sanitization and hygiene, and is mostly concentrated in children in developing countries. Over the time from 2004 up to the present , rapid increase in population, urbanization, and industrialization reduce the quality of Philippine water, especially in densely populate areas and regions of industrial and agricultural activities. The discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater and agricultural runoff has relieve oneselfd extensive pollution of the receiving ater-bodies. This effluent is in the form of raw sewer, detergents, fertilizer, cogent metals, chemical products, oils, and even solid waste. Each of these pollutants has a different noxious effect that influences human livelihood and translates into economic costs. Access to clean and adequate water die hards an acute seasonal problem in urban and coastal areas in the Philippines. The National Capital Region (Metro Manila), Central Luzon, Southern Tagalog, and Central Visayas are the four urban critical regions in terms of water quality and quantity.The Governments monitoring data indicates that just over a deuce-ace or 36 percent of the countrys river systems are classified as sources of public water supply, up to 58 percent of groundwater sampled is contaminated with coliform and involve treatment, approximately 31 percent of illness monitored for a five-year period were caused by waterborne sources, and many areas are experiencing a shortage of water supply during the teetotal season. Nearly 2. 2 million metric tons of organic pollution are produced annually by domestic (48 percent), agricultural (37 percent), and industrial (15 percent) sectors.In the four water-critical regions, water pollution is dominated by domestic and industrial sources. Untreated wastewater affects health by spreading disease-causing parasites, makes water unfit for drinking and recreational use, threatens biodiversity, and deteriorates boilers suit quality of life. Known diseases cau sed by poor water allow gastro-enteritis, diarrhea, typhoid, cholera, dysentery and hepatitis. The numeral of water-related health outbreaks including deaths reported in newspapers is going up.However, awareness regarding the need for improved sanitation and water pollution control, reflected by the willingness-to-pay and connection to a sewerage system where they are easily available, is very low (Philippines Environment Monitor, 2003 Greenpeace 2007). Davao City has been expanding and growing in terms of population, economy and industry. In this manner, more raw materials are being demanded by these different sectors and as a final result destruction of the natural resources is inevitable. Davao river ranks number seven among the largest river basins in the Philippines.This is largest of the citys nine principal watersheds. The river is the main natural reservoir of the aquifer in the citys jurisdiction. Its length is about 143 kilometers. It has original domestic and industr ial wastewater. Since the sewage systems have not yet been fully developed, the garbage has been discharge into the river leading to a wide-scale contamination of Davao River (Pascua et. al. , 2011). At present, residents within Davao River continuously make use of the water for bathing and washing which may present various threats to them.Some use the river for livelihood e. g. sand quarrying and fishing and for recreational activities. just they are blinded by the fact that they can be infected by pathogenic parasites that would eventually lead to waterborne diseases. This study aims to determine the level of pathogenic parasites in the water. Having everyone in the community know the specific parasites present in the selected stations of Davao River Bankerohan, Bucana and Magallanes would eventually lead to a more effective legal profession and disease control among the residents of the community.The goal of clean water for everyone has to be achieved in a growing population of a city. This study also aims to measure the level of waterborne diseases in Davao River. Through this study, we can help the people be oriented with the danger of using contaminated water from Davao River. cogitate Literature The importance of urban rivers and streams for urban ecology and quality of life in cities is an increasing concern worldwide. The present state of rivers is much dependent on the history and trends of the alliance in each country.In many situations water quality is still unsatisfying. Restoration of urban rivers is challenging because of intensive land use, danger of flooding and impacts of human activities for water quality and for the ecology of rivers (Jormola, 2008). Today about 50% of the global population are living in urban areas, placing one-third of their inhabitants into slums, and creating huge challenges to their environment and sanitation. forgetful sanitation, poor treatments of waste water, as well as catastrophic floods introduce pathoge nic bacteria into rivers, infecting and killing many people.The goal of clean water for everyone has to be achieved with a still growing human population and their rapid concentration in large cities, often megacities. How long introduced pathogens survive in rivers and what their niches are remain poorly known but essential to control waterborne diseases in megacities. Biofilms are often niches for various pathogens because they possess high resistances against environmental stress. They also urge on gene transfers of antibiotic resistance genes which become an increasing health problem.Beside biofilms, amoebae are carriers of pathogenic bacteria and niches for their survival (Abraham, 2011). The World Health Organization says that every year more than 3. 4 million people die as a result of water related diseases, making it the leading cause of disease and death around the world. Most of the victims are young children, the vast majority of whom die of illnesses caused by organisms that thrive in water sources contaminated by raw sewage (Berman, 2009). Waterborne Diseases Many illnesses, contaminants, and injuries can be water, sanitation, or hygiene-related.Waterborne diseases are caused by organisms that are directly spread through water. Water-related illnesses can be acquired due to wish of water for good hygiene and lack of sanitation. It is important to know how these diseases and contaminants affect humans where they are frame, and how to reduce the chance getting ill or harm injury. This will allow individuals to make informed decisions about water, hygiene, and sanitation-related activities (CDC, 2012). Parasitic Organisms Parasites may be present in food or in water and can be identified as causes of waterborne illness.They hunt in size, from tiny single-celled organisms to worms visible to the naked eye. Their lifecycle may also vary. While some parasites use a permanent host, others go through a series of developmental phases using different a nimal or human hosts. The illnesses they can cause range from mild discomfort to debilitating illness and possibly death (USDA, 2011). Parasites cause over 2 billion infections per year worldwide. In the immunocompromised host these infections for the most part represent reactivation of infection from donor or in the allograft recipient often long after the initial infection (Wiley, 2004).Inland and coastal surface waters can be contaminated by human waterborne zoonotic enteropathogens such as Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, E. hellem and Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Graczyket et. al, 2008). The aquatic ecosystem harbors many kinds of organisms. Some of these organisms are parasitic phylum Protozoa such as Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. , which have recently been recognized as important causes of water and food-borne disease outbreaks associated with fecal contamination (Doron, 2000 Karanis et al. , 2006).Cryptosporidium is a parasite commo nly found in lakes and rivers, especially when the water is contaminated with sewage and animal wastes. There have been six major outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in the United States as a result of contamination of drinking water. One major outbreak in Milwaukee in 1993 affected over 400,000 persons. Cryptosporidial infection can thus be transmitted from fecally contaminated food and water, from animal-person contact, and via person-person contact. The probability of transmission from just a small amount of contamination is fairly high, since a recent study has determined that the 50% infectious dose of C. arvum is only 132 oocysts for healthy persons with no previous serological immunity to cryptosporidiosis (Hannahs, G. 1995). Cryptosporidium is very resistant to disinfection, and even a well-operated water treatment system cannot view that drinking water will be completely free of this parasite. Cryptosporidium has caused several large waterborne disease outbreaks of gastrointes tinal illness, with symptoms that include diarrhea, nausea, and/or stomach cramps (Freedrinkingwater. com, 2009). Cryptosporidiosis, a common finding in pediatric patients hospitalized for diarrhea in urban Manila, Republic of the Philippines.Urban areas, particularly in the developing countries, frequently experience severe overcrowding with successive diminished sanitation. This situation is conducive to the transmission of enteric pathogens. It would be reasonable to expect that cryptosporidium oocysts are readily passed from human-to-human, human-to-animal and animal-to-human hosts. In rural areas around the world, human cryptosporidiosis is putatively associated with slopped human-animal contact, as in the case of animal handlers and similar agricultural situations (Laxer, M. 2003).Giardia lamblia is the protozoan parasite responsible for the disease Giardiasis. Symptoms of acute Giardiasis include diarrhea, nausea, weight loss, malabsorption, abdominal cramps, flatulence, an d anemia. The vogue of transmission of Giardia is through fecal to oral route or ingestion of cysts. A person can become infected after accidentally swallowing the parasite but cannot become infected through contact with blood. You can become infected with Giardia lamblia if you swallow contaminated recreational water. Recreational water such as in swimming pools, hot tubs, jacuzzis, fountains, lakes, rivers, prings, ponds, or streams that can be contaminated with sewage or feces from humans or animals (Vdresearch. com, 2008). The prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium among 3,456 diarrheic patients turn from May 2004 to May 2005 in the Philippines was determined. Of 133 (3. 8%) positive samples, 69 (2. 0%) were positive for Giardia and 67 (1. 9%) for Cryptosporidium. Three samples had co-infection with Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Luzon had the highest positive samples (5. 0%) followed by Mindanao (4. 9%), then Visayas (2. 2%). Giardia was most prevalent in Mindanao (3. 6%) wh ile Cryptosporidium was most prevalent in Luzon (3. %). The prevalence of Giardia (2. 0%) among pediatric patients (0-18 years) did not importantly differ from that (1. 9%) among adults (18 years senile). However, for Cryptosporidium, the prevalence (2. 9%) among pediatric patients was significantly higher compared to that (0. 2%) among adult patients. In the pediatric population, the highest percentage of patients with Giardia was the 5-9 year old age group, while that of Cryptosporidium was in the 0-4 year old group. The prevalence of Giardia, but not Cryptosporidium, was significantly higher in male than female adults (Natividad, F. 008). Amoebic dysentery (amoebiasis) which is the mover of Entamoeba histolytica is widely seen around the world. About 50 million people has become infected a year and eventually over 100,000 people lose their lives. amebiosis come into being in consequence of taken of quad-core mature cysts from water, foods, goods or hands by orally. E. histolyti ca trophozoites are placed into the colon mucosa and submucosa then forms a bloodymucus diarrhea table. It forms abscesses by moving through blood to liver, lungs, brain and other tissues (Kaya, O. 2011).The infection is common in developing countries and predominantly affects individuals with poor socioeconomic conditions, nonhygienic practices, and malnutrition (Rivera, W. 1998). Related Studies Waterborne diseases are the most prevalent infectious diseases in the developing countries especially in new settlements along the river. Waterborne diseases occur worldwide, and outbreaks caused by the contamination of community water systems and accidental ingestion of recreational waters have the potential to cause disease in large numbers of consumers. Statistics on outbreaks think to contaminated water have been vailable in the USA since 1920 (Craun 1986), and since 1971, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and the Council of State a nd Territorial Epidemiologists have retained a collaborative surveillance system for collecting data pertaining to the occurrence and causes of outbreaks of waterborne disease (Barwick et al. 2000 Lee et al. 2002). In Europe during 198696, 277 outbreaks associated with drinking and recreational water were reported from 16 European countries (Kramer et al. 2001). At least 325 water-associated outbreaks of parasitic protozoan disease have been reported.North American and European outbreaks accounted for 93% of all reports and nearly two-thirds of outbreaks occurred in North America. Over 30% of all outbreaks were documented from Europe, with the UK accounting for 24% of outbreaks, worldwide. Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium parvum account for the majority of outbreaks (40. 6% and 165 50. 8%, respectively), Entamoeba histolytica and Cyclospora cayetanensis have been the aetiological agents in nine (2. 8%) and six (1. 8%) outbreaks, respectively, while Toxoplasma gondii and Isosp ora belli have been responsible for tether outbreaks each (0. %) and Blastocystis hominis for two outbreaks (0. 6%). Balantidium coli, the microsporidia, Acanthamoeba and Naegleria fowleri were responsible for one outbreak, each (0. 3%). Moreover, the occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium (oo)cysts in recreational rivers from Malaysia was reported. It was carried out in water samples at two rivers, Sungai Congkak and Sungai Batu, located in Selangor State. The occurrence of both Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum (oo)cysts was higher in Sungai Congkak (50% or 15/30 and 10% or 3/30 respectively) than Sungai Batu (16% or 5/30 and 3. % or 1/30 respectively). The mean density of cysts/L was 0. 72 in Sungai Congkak and 0. 023 in Sungai Batu, and that of oocysts/L was 0. 023 in Sungai Congkak and 0. 0033 in Sungai Batu, showing that the occurrence of Giardia was higher and more frequent than Cryptosporidium in both rivers. On the other hand, the Giardia and Cryptosporidium (o o)cysts were more concentrated at the downstream station, followed by midstream and upstream stations which might be due to human factors where settlements and recreation areas were located around and amidst midstream and downstream stations.Failure to meet basic human needs for water in China leads to waterborne diseases and preventable deaths, especially among children. The OECD Environmental Indicators in China report issued in July 2007 estimated 30,000 rural children die each year from diarrhea caused by polluted water (OECD, 2007). The World Health Organization reported an incidence of 108. 4 mortalities per 100,000 persons from diarrhea-related illness in China in 2002. In 2003, the National Statistics Office said diarrheal diseases ranked second among the top causes of morbidity in the Philippines with 615,692 cases put down (World Bank, 2006).Diarrhea is considered a major cause of morbidity, especially in developing countries. In the Philippines, it was the leading cause of morbidity for the years 2001 and 2003, and the second in 2002 (National Statistics Office, 2006). Common causes of diarrhea are infections due to protozoa. These causative agents are either foodborne or waterborne. Among enteric protozoa, Giardia lamblia (syn. G. intestinalis or G. duodenalis) and Cryptosporidium spp. are the most commonly reported causes of water-borne diarrhea outbreaks (Natividad et al,2008).The protozoa G. lamblia was first base reported in the Philippines in 1977 and since then has been identified as a common intestinal parasite. Studies done in Luzon, in various localities in the Visayas, and in the southern islands of Mindanao indicate wide distribution of Giardia in the Philippines. (Natividad et al, 2008). Stool examinations in the Philippines typically included the identification of the common etiologic agents of diarrheas such as G. lamblia and Cryptosporidium.According to the most recent nationwide survey of Giardia and Cryptosporidium provides basi c information on the prevalence of these enteric protozoa in the Philippines. (Buerano et al, 2008). The worsening water quality is related to incidence of waterborne diseases, and is likely to increase a negative impact of floods on human health. Example of this is an unusual flood that occurred in Marikina City, resulting in high deathrate and morbidity rates due to gastroenteritis and other waterborne diseases (The Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, August 2008).The pollution of the surface water in Agusan River could cause a variety of contagious diseases. Those diseases could outbreak through several routes such as infection by parasites (such as schistosome), which inhabit in the water and drinking of and/or contact with the polluted water river that may cause dysentery and diarrhea (Lomboy, 2011). Instead of developing Davao River as an economic resource, it is currently being used as a central septic tank according to the Davao River Conservation Coordinating Committee.A st udy conducted by the committee showed that about 11 drainage systems in the city are moving into the Davao River (Manila Bulletin Publishing Corp. , 2004). Currently, Davao River has become a dumping site for garbage, biological wastes, chemical wastes and other pollutants carried by the residents and even people just within the area (Pascua et. al. , 2011). Thus, areas near or within the urbanized populace such as Bankerohan, Magallanes and Bucana, are considered polluted and may be the source of bad effects to those who live nearby. Conceptual FrameworkINDEPENDENT VARIABLEDEPENDENT VARIABLE Fig. 1 Conceptual Paradigm Showing the Relationship of Independent and Dependent Variables of the Study Presented in Fig. 1 higher up is the conceptual paradigm showing the independent variable, the pathogenic parasites and its levels on the three stations of Davao River namely Bankerohan, Magallanes and Bucana and is the subject of the study. The waterborne diseases and its levels would depe nd on what pathogenic parasites are found on the three stations of Davao River and is considered the dependent variable of the study.Statement of the Problem This study specifically aims to answer the sideline questions 1. What is the level of pathogenic parasites in the following stations of Davao River 1. Bankerohan? 2. Magallanes? 3. Bucana? 2. Is there a significant variety among the levels of pathogenic parasites? 3. What is the level of waterborne diseases in the following stations of Davao River 1. Bankerohan? 2. Magallanes? 3. Bucana? 4. Is there a significant difference among the levels of waterborne diseases? 5.Is there a significant association between the level of pathogenic parasites and the level of waterborne diseases? Null Hypotheses 1. Hypothesis free 2. There is no significant difference among the levels of pathogenic parasites in the three stations of Davao River. 3. Hypothesis free 4. There is no significant difference among the levels of waterborne diseases in the three stations of Davao River. 5. There is no significant association between the level of pathogenic parasites and the level of waterborne diseases in the three stations of Davao River. Significance of the StudyThe results of this study would provide advantages to various fields namely Government They would be able to implement policies and ordinances regarding proper waste management and the dos and donts regarding the use of water from the river. The affected residents within the area would be supported and information dissemination within the community would be implemented. Environmental Groups and Agencies Having been aware on the situation of the 3 stations of Davao River, they would be able to provide solutions to lessen its contamination and prevent increase on water pollution.Community They would be given health awareness as well as the possible implementation of preventive measures and disease control. Teachers This study would serve as an educational supplement a nd could be regarded as a reading material that could give additional knowledge to those who would desire to conduct a study related to pathogenic organisms found in urbanized rivers. Students This study could serve as a reference material for further researches. Definition of Terms Davao River. It is one of the largest rivers in the Philippines and the largest in Davao Region.It has a length of 143 kilometers. Salug River located in San Fernando, Bukidnon is its source and the mouth is located at the Davao Gulf. Bacteria. They are single-celled prokaryotic microscopic living organisms that could be pathogenic or likely to cause disease especially waterborne diseases since they could live in water and easily multiply. Parasite. It is an organism that lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by getting nutrients directly to its host. It is commonly acquired through ingestion of contaminated food or water.Waterborne disease. It is a disease acquired by drinking water contaminated at its source or in the distribution system, or by direct contact with environmental and recreational waters. It is a disease which results from infection with pathogenic microorganisms or chemical poisoning. Pathogenic microorganisms include viruses, bacteria, protozoans and helminthes. Waterborne diseases Bucana Magallanes Bankerohan Pathogenic Parasites Bucana Magallanes Bankerohan

Friday, May 24, 2019

Business: Management and Entire Selection Process

Evaluate the entire selection process for the rank. Judge whether mistakes were made and discuss what could obtain been done differently. When I start evaluating the entire selection process, I have to start with the assessment process. The first thing that catches my attention is the fact that three of the quaternity oppugners atomic number 18 men. As a woman interviewing for a job, I would be a little intimated being questioned by three men and one female. I would feel more comfortable being interviewed by a panel that was made up of two men and two women.I also mobilize that the interview panel should have been set up to objectively view the candidates best and worst qualities for the position. Also, during the assessment process, I noniced that the unless questions that made her feel uncomfortable were the questions that came from the men. I can see why she was feeling uncomfortable it seemed to me like they were trying to bully her into reconsidering continuing the inter view process. I think that some of the line of questioning was a little apprehensive. If I was her, I would probably feel the same way that she does. In the role play exercise, I believe that she was set up to fail.I think that they totally sabotaged this part of the interview. George Montgomery did not have any confidence in her and he wanted to prove that she did not have what it takes to be a successful manager. He k vernal that if he did not cooperate with her, she would not be able to establish her leadership, managerial, decision making or disciplinary skills. I do not think that it was professional for him to portray such an unrealistic character. I think that he wanted to show that she was weak and did not have what it took to be a successful manager. I think that they-the men-already knew who they wanted to hire before Janes interview.I am sure that was a very humiliating and To Be Or Not To Be Promoted? 3 dehumanizing experience for her. The worst part of it was the fact that she soothe has to face the people on the interview committee day in and day out. Compare and contrast Joes, Janes, and Matts candidacy based on what you know about them. If you were the hiring manager and the final decision were yours to make, whom would you hire? Provide a persuasive rationale for your choice. Due to the fact that no info was addicted about Joe or Matts candidacy, I do not see how a competent answer can be provided for this question.The only information that was provided was about Jane. I am not able to provide a rationale decision about who I feel is most qualified to tire out the role of Marketing Director, due to the fact that I do not know how any of their interviewers went. But if I had to make an assumption about who I would hire, I would hire Jane. I think that she handled herself very well under pressure despite the demanding line of questioning that some of the members of the members of the senior staff asked. I would also hire Jane because she h as already proven that she is an effective leader in the organization.Business Management Study GuideShe has worked her way up in the ranks and has tackled some elegant tough assignments. She is a dedicated employee and would be a great role model and leader for the organization. If you were advising each of the three final candidates for the position before the interview and before the go was made to Joe, explain what you would interpret each of them to do. Speculate about what you would say to each of them after the offer was made to Joe. I would advise each of them to practice their interview. Since they all work for the company, they should all have an idea of what the interview process should consist of.I would To Be Or Not To Be Promoted? 4 also tell them to review the job description and make sure that they fully understand the requirements and qualifications. I would advise each of them to go in and be confident and do their best. Staying calm and composed is always good pre interview advice. Also by staying calm in a tense plaza will show the panel that you can handle those types of environments. I would also tell them to show what they know about the position and convince the panel that they are the best person in the job.One of the most important things is to be on time for your interview and always dress for success. Be prepared and typesetters case your confidence. Even though this is an in house interview, I would also encourage each one of the potential candidates to follow up after the interview. Once the offer was made, I would reassure each of them that they did a great job during the interview and not to get discouraged because they were not chosen. I would advise them to offer care to Joe as he transitions to his new role and offer him a helping hand.I would advise against trying to find out why they are not selected for the position, due to the fact they do not want to hinder being selected for any other positions that may come avail able in the near future. establish on what you know about George Montgomery, assess his management style and describe what bearing it may have had on his selection of Joe. Based on what I know about George Montgomery, he kind of comes across as a prick. I see him as being this old guy who was introduced in the line of credit world when it was predominately dominated by men. I do not think that he has any respect for women.I do not think that he feels like a woman deserves to be in a senior management level position. Joe may To Be Or Not To Be Promoted? 5 be a lot like him which could have had some influence on the decision to hire him. I am sure that since they work unitedly and have had many conversations about male and female roles in business. I am sure that there has been some office talk about expectations of the new project manager. I do not think that if all three of the candidates were from outside of the organization, the playing field would have been leveled out some.If you were Joe, the selected candidate, propose what you would do to help any ill feelings with Jane and Matt. If I was Joe, I would offer a helping hand to Jane and Matt. I would try to help them out as much as possible and even recruit them to help me on special assignments. I do not think that it would be wise for Joe to rub the new position in their faces or make them feel interior to me because I was chosen for the job. I may even set some time aside to check mark chat with them just to make sure that there are no ill feelings.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

On Common Ground, the Power of Professional Learning Communities Essay

The learning system by which educators and students work in is plagued with sometimes tedious, repetitive and oftentimes illogical stairs that learning is hampered more than it is encouraged. The reserve On Common Ground, the Power of Professional Learning Communities seeks to challenge the very core of the learning system that most of schools practice. The discussion has collated various examples of what it makes to be able to produce education that is considered high-level. (DuFour, 2005)This particular book requires that the different schools and individuals to challenge their preconceived notions and incorporate different types of practices that have been find by the authors in different types of schools and universities. By far, this is one of the most provocative pieces of work regarding the level of education that is being offered to people right now. more than than anything, the book spurs people, especially the educators to press on in improving themselves as well as imp roving the quality of education and the quality of students that leave the universities and different schools.More than anything, the book is a testament to how a collaborative effort beautifully crafts a sort of manual for improved student performance. (Dufour, 2005) If you are an educator, the different locomote and assertions that the authors have discussed in the book are definitely worth losing sleep over as the strategies, lessons and improvements that the authors have agreed upon are all valid, and solid in their assumptions.Should there be any particular conclusion that can be drawn from this book, it is the fact that if teachers come together in a structured and clean manner, this essentially contributes to the betterment of the student in the area of learning and professional drive. (Dufour, 2005) Ultimately, one should look into this in order to challenge the status quo and begin a new one marked by collaboration and unity in purpose.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Leadership Interview Essay

Todays pro retains assume leaders and management responsibilities heedless of the activity in which they ar involved (Koernig-Blais, Hayes, Kozier, & Erb, 2006, p. 2). D. Martin. is the nurse manager for The Spirit Medical Transportation Services (Spirit) of Saint Josephs Childrens Hospital in Marsh survey, Wisconsin. She started her career as an ICU nurse, and from there moved into medical transportation. She worked as a staff flight nurse in three different programs, including Spirit, for 15 years before assuming the assistant nurse manager role for Spirit, and in the past year moved into the position of manager.In an interview with D. Martin she discussed achieving of a position of leadership in our nurse community. The interview included questions ab go forth her background, and the role she has today.Leadership StyleD. Martin (personal communication, parade 6, 2008) describes a leader as person who is able to work in force(p)ly with other people and facilitate getting t he job through. She further discusses the leader needing to lease interactive communication skills. These skills she describes as dickens parts prime(prenominal) is active listening, making eye contact and giving full attention to the person speaking the second is universe able to begin words and make a point with sounding condescending.Through her examples, D.Martin has a democratic or participative leadership style. Leaders with a democratic style act as a catalyst or facilitator to guide the group towards achieving group goals (Koernig-Blais et al, 2006). Democratic leadership whitethorn be less efficient than other types of leadership, but it does have for a spirit of collaboration and creativity from group members. This type of leadership can be extremely effective in the healthcare setting (Tappen, 2001, p. 26)Personal ism and Important Qualities of LeadershipWhen questioned about important qualities or characteristics of a leader, D. Martin (personal communication, Ma rch 6, 2008) again emphasized the importance of interactive communication. D. Martin (personal communication, March 6, 2008) stated that an effective leader needs to respect their staff, or whomever they are leading. That a leader needs to specify how to be politically correct in all settings, and theleader as manager needs to learn how to delegate, and to be aware of the fiscal responsibilities within the institution, and balance those requirements with the needs of the department they are managing.Sullivan and Decker, 2005 p. 44 state that all advantageously managers are also good leaders. D. Martin talked interchangeably of leaders and managers, because she views herself as a leader first, and a manager second. Her views are that as a staff nurse, she was viewed as a leader among the flight crew, and now as a manager, she is still that leader, but with the responsibilities of management (D. Martin personal communication, March 6, 2008). A manager is responsible and accountable to the organization for accomplishing the goals of the organization (Sullivan & Decker, 2005).When D. Martin was questioned about her personal philosophy of leadership she replied that you are never going to please everyone all of the time, and that the most important thing to phone is that you have to be able to live with your decisions, legally and ethically (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008). According to D. Martin (personal communication, March 6, 2008), quality and safety should be ranked evenly at number one in consideration for what can and should be done. She believes that as a manager, she needs to be the mother tiger looking out for her cubs that she has to protect the staffs interests. D. Martin also believes that an effective manager should have come up through the ranks.A manager should not ask the staff to do something she has not done, or would not do. Another aspect of an effective manager is that the manager should have been a clinical leader first , that they have been there, done that for years. The manager may not always be able to keep up those clinical skills, and be able to perform the clinical aspects of the job, but if they have done it for years, they pass on understand the concepts when the staff needs someone to talk to (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008)Learning Experiences that have Influenced Growth as a LeaderD. Martin believes that her own clinical experiences and what she has done have had the most influence on her personal development. Her bedside clinical experience in an ICU prepared her for her role as a transport nurse (personal communication, March 6, 2008).She was involved in the start-up of deuce different transport services, and her third experience was a transport nurse on a well established service. The first transport service she was part of was a load and go team with one of the first mobile ICUs in Wisconsin. Her belief is that being on the ground floor of two services, the person al growth from those experiences as the service went through its growing nervous strain, makes her better prepared for the growing pains of going from peer to boss. She also emphasized that managers should not take things for granted, if they have not been where they are asking their staff to go, she feel strongly that she brings a been there, done that style to her leadership (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008).Evolution of Nursing Leadership in Healthcare TodayThe interview continued with the question of how she sees leadership evolving in care for today. Her first response was disappointed. When she first started out in nursing, many registered nurses were from an associates program, and the recommendation for a management position, or to teach was someone with a bachelors degree in nursing. Once she had achieved her bachelors, the bar had been raised with the recommendation that managers have their masters degree, in nursing or in business, and that nursing inst ructors have their PhD in nursing or education (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008).Her thought is that with the requirement of that much schooling, the people managing departments, and teaching new nurses, are so far removed from the clinical aspects of nursing, that they are not as effective as someone who has recently been a clinical nurse. She feels nursing needs instructors that have been there, and instructors should not be only those with the highest degrees. There needs to be opportunities for nurses to move up through the ranks through independent nursing practice, and recognition needs to be given to the clinical experts at the bedside. The advanced degree should not be more important than clinical expertise in a given field (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008).Challenges Facing Leaders in Todays Healthcare SystemsD. Martin (personalcommunication, March 6, 2008), believes that the most challenging issues in her current position are the need to h ave a more global perspective, and having an appreciation for it. She described one aspect of that global perspective in terms of the hospital budget. determination out what the hospital budget is, and that it comes down from the top of the corporation, not just the top of our individual hospital. Patients are important, but from a business standpoint, money is the ass line (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008).Healthcare is a business, and needs to be run as a business. She states that the biggest passion she had to give up was that the patient comes first. She had to learn how to facilitate the system, within the budget given, and with the resources available to her. solicitude cannot give the staff everything they are asking for, the money, and decisions come from the top down. Management would be easy if you didnt have to deal with the people (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008).The Impact of a Mentor on Leadership StyleD. Martin (personal communica tion, March 6, 2008) states that she has had three mentors in her career. Each is unequaled and she is grateful to them. Her first was her nurse manager of her first flight service. She states that he too came up through the ranks. He taught her the importance of creating a balance amongst management and work.Her next mentor was her first nurse manager when she started at Saint Josephs, Terri. Terri was her mentor through her masters program, and taught her the importance of being politically correct and fair. That, as a manager, you might not agree with what is being said, but you need to have enough self control to not allow them see you do not agree with the company line, or to never let them see you sweat (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008).Her third mentor was her nurse manager for the 11 years she was a flight nurse with Spirit. Through him she learned that different management styles are okay, and that an open door policy was what she regard most about his style. He also taught her the importance of credibility, and to not makepromises you may not be able to keep (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008).Advice to someone Interested in LeadershipD. Martin (personal communication, March 6, 2008) discussed the difficulty going from peer to boss. Her recommendation would be for anyone in that position to take a class on effective leadership to learn more on how to delegate, find resources and about fiscal business. She did inform me that Saint Josephs Childrens Hospital does offer a two day seminar to employees on this topic, and she further recommends all Neonatal Intensive Care Transport Nurses take this class, as they all function in a leadership role (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008).Her other advice was to be ready to put in long hours. To be passionate about whom you want to lead. Be clinically competent, and have confidence in yourself, and your knowledge. Stand up for yourself and your staff. Learn to take risks, and trust your instincts (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008).ConclusionLeadership and management are the responsibility of all professional nurses. Effective leadership and management is a learned process. Mentors can have a positive impact on the personal and professional growth of a nurse. Personal integrity, honesty, and a concern for human dignity should guide all leadership and management decisions (Koernig-Blais et. al, 2006).ReferencesKoernig-Blais, K., Hayes, J., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2006). Professional Nursing Practice Concepts and Perspectives (5th ed.). speeding Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education, Inc.Sullivan, E. J., & Decker, P. J., (2005). Effective Leadership and Management in Nursing (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall HealthTappen, R. M., (2001). Nursing Leadership and Management Concepts and Practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia F.A. Davis.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Early Childhood Activity Essay

During the course of the years it has been noticed that physical, emotional, and mental levels of 6-9 year old kidren undergo various stages. It is especially obvious for their teachers and coordinators that possess external tell roughly the kids and have ability to truly evaluate them. Unlike teachers and supervisors, parents oftentimes try to justify the decisions and deeds of their small kids and make attempts to smooth the edges to avoid voltage conflicts due to their feeling they naturally experience towards their children.Therefore, the representatives of next generation behave differently at home and some other social environments like school that take numerous exciting activities useful for children while opening new horizons. The early childhood activity indicated below is based on denominated skills and talents of a certain child and aimed at an outlet of his imaginative and exploratory abilities. Typically, in the process of playing a game, children apply their fac tual knowledge, which is easier to understand and remember.Thats why it is notable that they use objects or all sorts of materials to assist them in realizing the surrounding environment in which they live and find out more about the characteristics and properties of things they are playing with. In this case, according to the rules of the game called Bricks Mix children are dealing with material objects such as sand, small bricks, or sticks. Preferably, the teachers should conduct the activity outdoors, i. e. in the park, on the beach, in the forest, in the backyard, etc.It would be helpful both for the picture of health of small kids and their better perception of the item and conditions due to fresh air and active voice physical exercises. Also, if practical, the supervisor has to conduct the children at first stages giving the instructions and explaining the details of the activity. The latter(prenominal) is divided into two levels. First, using dry or wealthy sand, bricks of various sizes, short and long sticks, small stones, and water children build houses, roads, and fortresses.After a certain period of time when children get better acquainted with the situation and find themselves comfortable in the give atmosphere it would be a good idea to upgrade the game. Hence, each child individually should be given a card or oral request with a certain task, for instance, to build a house with 3 or 5 towers, to build a sand road with 6 bricks on each side, to make a castle with 4 towers and 4 flags on them, etc.While sifting, pouring, and filling muster out containers with sand children get the idea of measurement and may observe visually the phenomenon when 2 small equal bowls of sand make 1 voluminous container. Or if they put together two triangular stones or bricks they go out have a rectangle or a square. Here, the major mathematical concepts are use as the child deals with various shapes and sizes. Also, new terms should be used by the teacher, pref erably associated with a certain topic or area of knowledge.The aid stage of the game is characterized with using waste materials. It means that after building roads, castles, and houses children are provided with a large amount of things left from which they can make other objects like cars, stores, trains, buses, etc. This part of the game develops the ability to properly organize the process of managing the situation or business using less energy and expenses during the shortest possible period of time. It remains essential for the teacher to follow the meet of the children without interfering into the process.It must be a positive sign for him/her when the child starts judging, analyzing, and comparing the results of his on-going work with others. In such a way he demonstrates his/her ability to productively be involved in the activity and learns how to work in team and befriend with the peers. In order to make the results of the game more effective and have the kids remember the procedure it would be useful to talk in details about the activity afterwards.The coordinator should encourage the children to share their experience and discuss all the aspects of the game even if it causes some disagreements and controversy. Obviously, the debate would take place due to different methods, manners, and techniques apply during the game. The teacher should keep in mind that each and every child should be listened to and heard, which is more important. Some kids would try to prove that their idea or surmisal is the most optimal for this kind of activity.For example, they would argue that the train should consist of a number of short wagons instead of several longer ones as the first will be better while turning right or left. If the perspective of the child is valid the teacher should unpersuasively explain it to other children. Otherwise, they would undoubtedly feel that the mentioned higher up child is a favorite student of the teacher. It may not be accepte d as a distinct gradation of the children may appear. However, in anguish of numerous ideas expressed, it is significant to reach a compromise so no child is left unsatisfied.The reason the game Bricks Mix was developed lies in that this activity comprises several essential aspects of human mind as memory, reflection, counting, etc. It is useful for six-year-old children as well as nine-year-olds because different levels of difficulty may be applied. For example, jr. kids may be given easy assignments simply connected with small numbers, while the older ones may be allowed to include other objects into the game. As the latter is rather flexible the teacher can coordinate the game and establish new rules according to abilities, inclinations, and skills of children.The activity is best possible while being outside the classroom not only during school time, but also while sharing weekend with parents, grandparents, friends, etc. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Lester, P. (2005). Class-Parties. Organi zing a Class Party. Retrieved January 19, 2007 from http//www. class-parties. com/ 2. Christie, J. , & Enz, B. , & Vukelich, C. (2002). Teaching Language and Literacy Preschool through with(predicate) the Elementary Grades (2nd ed. ). Arizona Allyn & Bacon . 3. Granchar, M. (1999). Children And The Rest. New York New Way.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Causes of Unemployment

Causes of Unemployment The current unemployment rate is 7. 4 percent it has continuously rising, the unemployment rate has increased 0. 1 percent over the past year. Unemployment is the level of joblessness among tidy sum actively looking for work in the economic system. This seems to be a constant problem in Canada. There are always people struggling for an occupation. Unemployment has many factors leading to this example. A common cause of unemployment is many of the unemployed have gotten fired or laid off. The company may have been change or it might be that some positions are no longer needed.Its hard to observe work right after being laid off or being fired. In customary it depends on the economy if its down then it will difficult to find work and vice versa. A nonher factor of unemployment is there are too many people but not adequate jobs. Furthermore, unemployment is the outcome because of overpopulation is defined as a condition where a countrys human population exc eeds the carrying capacity of its purlieu (dictionary. Reference . com). In this case the population is more than the amount of available jobs.Lastly, those who are inborn incapacitate or deficiencies stay partly employed or are fully unemployed throughout their life. unsoundness caused by industrial conditions or fatal accidents that often in the workplace. Due to the accidents it has caused them to be disabled. Some who are born with disability for example like Down syndrome or dyslexia. Disabled people are not physically or mentally capable to be in the workforce leading them to be unemployed. thence , the causes of unemployment are due to being aid off or fired , overpopulation or disabilities .

Sunday, May 19, 2019

In 1485 – 1603 to what extent was the government of England dysfunctional in the mid-Tudor period?

In the setting of the geezerhood 1485 to 1603 to what extent was the government of England disfunctional in the mid-Tudor hitch? During the Tudor Dynasty it is easily thought that the long time between 1547 and 1558 were ones of crisis. With the chronological sequence of a chela and the first woman within England, deal have imitation that the age between hydrogen VIII and Elizabeth I were an unproductive interlude. The mid Tudor stop is seen as negative years within the Tudor Dynasty.It is regarded that hydrogen VIII and Elizabeth Is reputations were a component in why historians such as A.F Pollard and S T Bindoff supported the Mid Tudor Crisis . The both little Tudors, referring to Edward and bloody shame, seemed colourless in equation to their surrounding successors, so much so that A Pollard records Edward was portrayed as a sickly boy who, through out his sway, was the pawn of two regents speckle bloody shame was seen as an intol datent, dogmatic and neurotic wom an who failed to produce an heir .Therefore it could be seen that lot believed the years of crisis were at their most dysfunctional between the years 1547-1558. W R D Jones argued that Edward and Marys finds were a period of ghostlike disruption, freehanded scale disorder and confusion a unyieldingside the inefficiency and sterility in government and administration, hearty and economic problems and disastrous external constitution. This supports the description of the mid-Tudor period being dysfunctional. notwithstanding on that point could be influence from the 16th Century writers such as John Foxe who was author to Book of Martyrs, which was scripted just after Marys death and depicted her as a monster. Foxe was responsible for a lasting fork over of Mary as it fitted prejudices of a confident.Under these circumstances it was not surprising that the period 1547 1558 were marked by disasters. However historians such as David Loades, Jennifer Loach and Robert Tittler st ress that there was much creativity in the period. Government under Duke of Northumberland and Mary keep to be hard-hitting also there was continuity in religious beliefs and some conflicting indemnity successes. There were problems within Edward and Marys reigns that were also found in times of hydrogen VIII and Elizabeths for example Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536, Spanish Armada in 1588 and societal and economic problems in late(a) 1590s matched those in 1540s.Therefore the significance of Edwards and Marys reign was what did not happen kind of than what did in supporting that their reigns were the least dysfunctional in England. But in order to stool an catch of whether or not there was a Mid-Tudor crisis in this period, it is important to compare and contrast new(prenominal) periods of the Tudor dynasty. Some revisionist historians argue that certain areas of Henry VIIs reign, 1485-1509, involved a crisis, for example the Pretenders of cubic decimeter Simnel and Perkin Warbeck. as intimately as the death of the next heir to the throne, Arthur Tudor, in 1502, Elizabeth I and the Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536, the greatest rebellion that holy terrorened England during the reign of Henry VIII, which would have caused the monarchy more than concern then the botheged Mid-Tudor crisis . Above wholly this moreover, was the Spanish Armada in 1588 during the reign of Elizabeth I. The Spanish Armada threatened national security. Revisionist views of this period have already questioned the presence of a dysfunctional government during the reigns of the Mid-Tudors. Historians such as S. J leeward and D.Loades argue that other parts of the Tudor governance were crisis ridden and that the Mid-Tudor period was relatively stable in comparison. When it came to unusual policy, Henry VII was far less excessive than his son. Henrys greatest fulfilment in unconnected policy was possibly his alliance with the Catholic monarchs and the Treaty of Medina del Campo in 1489. after(prenominal) his policy successes he suffered a defeat in Brittany which was a hapless point for the Kings foreign policy. His main(prenominal) weaknesses in his foreign policy were not helped by the successive losses of his family members, firstly his son Arthur in 1502 and then his wife Elizabeth in 1503.He then failed to re-marry and achieve stronger diplomatic relations away(p) of England succeeding(a) the death of Elizabeth creating a weak government in England. Also the death of Isabella of Castile was another problem for Henry as he would have Ferdinand as his rival quite of an ally over territorial gains in Europe and in the New World. The later years of Henrys foreign policy were definitely his most challenging and difficult period of foreign affairs allowing the government to be weak and wherefore vulnerable to a crisis.His son, Henry VIII was a commanding learn who promptly set rough wanting to gain respect and place in Europe. Henry VIIIs foreig n policy can be divided into two separate periods of time in which he went to war. The first period was at the beginning of his reign, in 1509-1515, Henry enforced a policy of hard-hitting and glorious warfare, this policy allowed invasions to occur within in France and Scotland. He was victorious within both invasions however it was an expensive policy to initiate.The second time period was during the years 1540-1547, this is when Henry, yet once more, wanted more glorification and domination over foreign affairs. This period of foreign policy was extremely expensive and came at a great fiscal cost. The gaining of Boulogne and loss of military personnel, costing ? 2,144,765, achieved nothing greater than personal glory for Henry showing his reign as one of dysfunction. The disastrous warfare policy in France and Scotland left Henrys son Edward with little in the treasury and no financial platform to build upon as well as weak alliances with these countries.Therefore Henry VIII wea kened the government for his sons reign which could have created a crisis, this supports that the mid-Tudor period was elevatedly influenced by previous successors allowing any dysfunction to be partially blamed outside the years 1547-1558. So when the death of Henry VIII occurred, the throne was left to his child Edward VI in 1547 with Englands financial stability and foreign relation being left in a unretentive condition with uncertainty on whether it will recover. As Edward was a minor, his two Lord Protectors, firstly the Duke of toss and later Northumberland advised Edward with his decisions. passs administration was confront with rebellions and uprisings in 1549. The rebellions were part of a mixture of religious and well-disposed upheaval. Ketts rebellion in Norfolk, suffered particularly seriously from the border laws . They were not, however, a threat to the judgment dynasty in the way the Pretenders were to Henry VII. With Lord somersault ruling at the beginning of Edwards reign, England yet again was at war with Scotland however this time was without royal approval. Somerset funded his efforts against Scotland with money from the debased coinage.It is possible to say that Somerset allowed the foreign policy to dominate over other royal problems, especially the kings finances, which he lost all control of . The economy within England suffered from inflation after the debasement of the coinage. This was in the main seen in Englands wool and cloth exports as they collapsed in 1551, mainly because of prices rising. In 1552, an Act was passed regulating the make out of wool to try and encourage trade . The inflationary pressures increased collect to a poor reap in 1548.This led to unrest within the country that then provoked uprisings the following year in Cornwall and Devon . To some historians, it can be viewed that Somersets ruling was as if he was the King. This was thought collectable to Somerset treating Edward as a child and not respec ting the Kings authority. The pretermit of respect and underestimation of Edwards authority ultimately led to Somersets death. Due to the rebellions, this period under the ruling of Somerset it would be seen to be leading towards a crisis.The situation was rescued and turned around by the more pragmatic approach of Somersets successor, the Duke of Northumberland. Once Edward replaced Somerset and appointed Northumberland as his new protector, Northumberland faced the task of restoring the top of the innings finances. To do this, the expenditure would be reduced to fund the campaigns in France and Scotland. Northumberland entrusted Cecil with reorganising the Crowns finances. This was seen as an achievement as Cecil managed to gain extra revenue out of the Church.Edwards protectors Somerset and Northumberland had different ways of ruling. Somerset continued to debase the coinage and spend large amounts of money on placing troops in Scotland and going to war with France as if the k ings money was limitless. Northumberland on the other hand, helped by Walter Mildmay, the Treasurer, reorganised the governments finances which involved the stopping of debasement and pulling England out of conflicts with France and Scotland. This progress continued in to Mary I reign and then without Mary I, Elizabeth could never have completed the wreak of recoinage.This is argued in Michael Hutchings article Elizabeths government could never have tackled the coinage problem so fleetly had the ground not been prepared . This allows Edward and Marys reigns to show great improvement and unaccompanied coercive progress regarding finance, therefore turning away from the period being a crisis. But the greatest action of the Duke of Northumberlands financial success as Edwards protector was to put an immediate end to the disastrous foreign wars in Scotland and France, wars which Somerset had financed .Northumberland had gained his funds by signing the Treaty of Boulogne in 1550 this stopped the expenditure flow out of Boulogne. Despite much criticism, Northumberlands actions in foreign policy were positive due to England gaining financially, a derive of ?133,333 which was received from the French. Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the position security . J. Guy states that Northumberlands success in foreign policy was due to ending Somersets wars . This is because Northumberland had recognised that foreign affairs should not be conflate into a domestic policy, which is something which Somerset failed to understand and led England towards a financial crisis.Edwards full authority and respect as King is hard to assess, mainly because of his short reign as King and the fact that he had two Protectors at his side constantly. It is well known that Edward was an intellectual and had a strong obtain on how the government and court functioned due to being well educated and taught about ruling from an early age. But Edwards death occurred too early to tell if he would have made a successful king.In theory it is thought that he had the skills and knowledge to rule England successfully. In David Starkeys documentary about the reigns of Edward and Mary, it was said that Edward was not a puppet King and that he made decisions in court due to his knowledge of the government . Edward was naturally studious, intelligent and a devout Protestant. Apparently he was always self-restraining and gained advanced knowledge of government, economics and the nobility from an early age due to his Father, Henry VIII, relying on his staminate heir to be his successor.Edward made decisions in his own interests, for example the disposal of Somerset. The King showed a lack of emotion and was described as mature and driven which was a combining of qualities from his two previous successors. This does not support the belief of the mid-Tudor period being dysfunctional due to the qualities of Edward being a strong combination of the positive and successful qualities of the previous reigns, showing a solid base of a successful reign. After the death of the boy King Edward, for the first time a woman gained the throne of England.Marys initial concern before her rise to the throne was marriage and producing an heir for her reformed Catholic society. Foreign policy was not high on Marys list of priorities. Therefore the preference of gaining a foreign husband in Philip II of Spain allowed an Anglo-Spanish alliance against European rivals and gained Mary a husband. But her aim to gain a foreign husband was not welcomed by the English people as many felt up that a masculine foreign ruler would take the control of England from the authority of Mary.This led the marriage to turn out in immediate discontent which brought uprisings in the country. The most threatening rebellion was Wyatts Rebellion in 1554. The Wyatt rebellion arguably was the greatest threat to Marys reign. The social unr est brought into England, due to high unemployment figures was evident as many chose not recognise a foreign ruler in an English government. Although it represented a real threat to Mary the uprising never had the backing or might to take over and control Mary so the possibility of a crisis was avoided.One of Marys greatest achievements economically, however, was her governments plans for recoinage. Even though the completion of the recoinage took place after her death in Elizabeths reign, according to C. E. Challis Elizabeth could never have tackled the problem of the coinage either as quickly or as effectively as she did had it not been so thoroughly aired amongst government officials in the immediately former years . This supports the purpose of Marys reign and shows that her reign was not an unproductive interlude before Elizabeths reign.David Loades supports the positive view towards Mary. He states that she succeeded in enforcing her will over three major matters her marriag e, the return to Rome and the proclamation of war . In M. Hutchings article of Mary Tudor, he makes the statement that Mary gave financial stability countered unemployment and social problems. Above all, simply by establishing her own claim to the throne and maintaining it, Mary re-established the legitimacy of the Tudor succession . The Succession of Elizabeth I after Mary I as Queen of England occurred in 1558.The reputation of Elizabeth I is of high standard and she is considered as good as English monarch as some of the male rulers. The foundations of this reputation were found in the impressive nature of the Elizabethan court, the development of the English culture, the defeat of the Spanish Armada and her successful re-creation of the Church of England following the death of the Catholic Mary I . However, during Elizabeths reign as Queen was full of revolts and uprisings. These included key revolts the Northern Earls revolt in 1569, The Ridolfi speckle of 1571 and the Babing ton plot of 1586 which aimed to remover Elizabeth from the throne.The plots were due to the social, economic and religious unrest within England. The rise in population and vagrancy were issues in which Elizabeth had to portion out with. Therefore these revolts do not portray a Queen who did not face crises throughout her long reign and also display more serious displays of dysfunction than that of the mid-Tudor period. During Elizabeths reign the Spanish Armada and social discontent was much more of a threat to the English crown than any other rebellion or foreign policy with the other monarchs in the Mid-Tudor period.The real possibility of invasion from a foreign force was more of a threat than any other rebellion during the reigns of Edward VI and Mary I but due to their successful reigns this was avoided. This is the Armada Portrait which was taken after her victory against the Spanish Armada. It depicts Elizabeth as the gloriana figure in her country. The record portrays a s tormy, defeatist view of the Spanish loss against the English navy with the picture showing light shaded sky, calm and steady water and the English navy in the foreground on the left side.On the right of the picture is the defeated Spanish Armada. However what dominates the picture is Elizabeth herself. The portrait displays Elizabeth in all her glory, with her flame red hair and whitened face . Her dress and jewels show her power as well as beauty. The portrait captures Elizabeth as a very beacon of defiance which suggests that her reign was one of no dysfunction but as one of many successes and victory, however due to much propaganda within the era this could be an unfair representation of Elizabeths reign.This portrait is named the Rainbow portrait and Elizabeth is displayed in a light sapidity again. The crown symbolises her royalty and her clothes suggest that her royal magnificence and aura over the English people is maintained due to their extravagance. Elizabeth is holding a rainbow in her right hand. The rainbow symbolizes peace, and the inscription reminds viewers that only the queens erudition can ensure peace and prosperity . This could suggest that she is an idol to her people for showing defiance in the tough periods of the 1590s when poverty was rife and harvests failed in England.The snake on her left arm also denotes the intuition of the Queen. The whole portrait is one of a warning to those who oppose Elizabeth. At the time of this portrait, Elizabeth was 60 years of age, the light shades of the portrait show the Queen as a youthful and a attractive figure who is in control of her country. In the rainbow portrait, Elizabeth is ageless . All this is powerful propaganda and shaped peoples opinions and views of her, this suggests that she needed to create a false view of herself in order to make up for the dysfunction during her reign.During the years 1485 to 1603 it is certain that financially they were extremely unstable in many different moments during the reigns of each monarch. Henry VII was the only monarch that kept control of his money and died with money left to pass down, this is the main reason as to why Henry VII is regarded as a successful King. However the enclosure issue and the Cornish rebellion threatened to drain him financially. So at the end of his reign, Henrys popularity suffered greatly but despite this, Henry VII was able to provide his son with a large treasury to start him off as King.Henry VIII however failed to follow in his fathers footsteps. Even though Henry VIII did gain financially through the Break with Rome and the wastefulness of the Monasteries in 1536, within his second period of aggressive and glorious warfare he used all his money to go to war which left him with nothing financially. Even though during the next two reigns social unrest and major propaganda took hold, Mary in particular was effective in controlling the masses with her councillors and effective revenue and recoina ge reforms.Also Edward was able to manipulate his two Lord Protectors despite being a minor he had very good intellectual knowledge of the process of government and had the power to implement his policy into the country. The governments of the two monarchs were kept intact and were not as faction-ridden as Henry VIIIs final years as King. The Mid-Tudors if anything strengthened the finances of the government stabilized the government and increased the diplomatic skills of the monarchy.The most probatory part of the reigns is what didnt occur as there was no breakdown in parliament, no return of Royal Supremacy, no foreign invasion and no civil wars. Historians such as S. J Lee and D. Loades have presented the question of Was there a Mid-Tudor crisis? They reviewed the Mid Tudor period and allowed an argument to support Marys and Edwards reigns as the opposite of a crisis. Therefore I believe that the Mid-Tudor crisis is an over-exaggeration to describe the period of Edward and Ma ry.Even though there were a number of personal crises to test the Mid-Tudor monarchs such as being a child and the first woman on the throne, but nothing that threatened the public order, government and security. This is in comparison to other events during the period of 1485-1603, the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536 threatened national security more than Wyatts rebellion of 1554. The pretenders to Henry VIIs throne, Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck threatened to de-stabilize a Tudor regime that had only just begun following the Wars of the Roses in the 15th Century.And Elizabeth was not the golden monarch that she was portrayed as following the succession crisis of 1603. The conclusion is that the Mid-Tudors have been unfairly criticized during their reigns due to the way in which they were depicted by their people and historian commentators, such as John Foxe, and it was until recently revisionist historians started to review the events of the Mid-Tudor period presenting an argument against the time period being a crisis but as one of tests and tribulations that were all over come, showing a period of an effective government of England.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Illegal Drug Control

Those questions argon addressed in this report which reviews drug ppolicy and results in Australia. In 1998, United Nations Member States met in a Special Session of the General Assembly and agreed to take tougher action to reduce both the unlawful supply of, and the demand for, drugs before 2008. Australia has taken that pledge seriously. In 1998 it introduced a Tough on Drugs dodge that aims to reduce drug supply, trafficking, and demand as well as the harm caused by drugs. This Strategy seems to be working drug use levels have dropped significantly. Indeed, the turn around has been dramatic.To improve global efforts to contain the affright posed by drugs, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) seeks to increase the body of knowledge lendable to ppolicy makers. That includes collecting success stories. If Australia continues to build on its recent progress, it too could become a success stage and provide inspiration and valuable lessons for other countries. This report, following a ssimilar UNODC study of Swedens drug ppolicy (2006), aims to hold to a growing body of evidence that will help countries bring their drug problems under escort.Antonio mare Costa Executive Director United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 3 In repartee to increases in drug abuse in the 1990s Australia utilize a vigilant drug control strategy. As this report makes clear, drug control has long been a priority of recent Governments and effective changes in recent years were due to pro-active, empirically-based drug control strategy, and a well developed system of service at the state and local levels. This report analyses the developments and changes in Australias drug policies over the last decades and their impact.Australia implemented a rather repressive drug control ppolicy from the beginning of the 20th century. This worked well until the 1970s. Australia shifted to harm-reduction approaches as of the mid(prenominal) 1980s, with a sthrong emphasis on prev ention and treatment. This helped Australia to avoid a large-scale injecting drug use (IDU) cogitate HIV/AIDS epidemic. In contrast to alcohol and tobacco where Australia achieved remarkable demand reduction finished prevention activities, drug abuse continued rising and reached alarming levels by 1998.In 1998 Australia introduced a National adulterous Drugs Strategy Tough on Drugs which strengthened the supply control aspects without weakening demand-side interventions or giving up harm-reduction approaches. In the case of heroin, the strategy focused clearly on a reduction of supply. There followed high heroin prices, lower heroin purity and ultimately substantially lower levels of heroin consumption. Drug tie in deaths declined, as well as drug related crime.WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PROVIDES THE CLEAREST INDICATION OF A DRUG habituation?Answer at this question athttps//donemyessay.com/unit-5-review/Use of other drugs also declined, both among the general state and among seco ndary school sstudents- mainly due to improved prevention and treatment activities and more funds do available by the authorities to drug control in general. The Australian National Council on Drugs (ANCD) structured many of the leading drug experts of the country and strengthened calls for higher budgets in the fight against the drug problem. Australias drug ppolicy has been based on a broad ppolicy mix of supply reduction, demand reduction and harm minimisation policies. In addition, Australia has made commendable efforts at advancing the knowledge base for policy making. The country has systematically conducted in-depth research and evaluations of its various strategies and programmes subsequently adjusting them according to efficacy. This concentration on empirically-based ppolicy formulation continues to demonstrate positive results. The drug ppolicy was largely bi-partisan in nature as the States as well as the federal Government participated in its formulation and impleme ntation (Until recently, the individual States were governed by different political parties than federal Australia). A new Australian Government, elected in late 2007, is yet to leave its mark on domestic drug strategies.