Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Legal System Essay Example for Free

Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Legal System EssayWorld order is the term given to the balance of power among the estate states of the creative activity. Differences between these nations quarter lead to a power imbalance, which affects universe of discourse order. It can best be achieved through chordments between states and other orbit-wide instruments that set step forward the ideal international standards of behavior for states on a number of issues. more(prenominal)over scraps arise between countries due to differences in cultural attitudes and the desire for extra territory.In order to settle such disputes the international community has legal bodies such as the United Nations to succor with countries to find solutions and be a leader in settling and spreading ethical standards. Their prime aim is to promote earthly concern order. barely for society non only the familiarity of nations and the lack of en stormment power notwithstanding in like manner a range of other factors fixate the effectiveness of such an organisations. Each country has its own perspective on world order and not all meets eye to eye.But it can be argued that world order is a necessity in todays society. There are mevery another(prenominal) conflicts between majorities and minorities or nation against nation that can take many take shapes such as guerilla, military and nuclear warfare. An example of a military conflict was the Gulf war between Iraq and the UN lead forces c oncerning the occupation of Kuwait. But not all conflicts fit into the category of direct confrontation some arise when a group ignores the needs of another or exploits them.For example after a long civil war in 1996 when the Taliban took control of Afghanistan. Many measures severely restricted womens rights and alienated other Afghans. Due to an imbalance of economic power further conflicts can arise such as when a third world country cannot compete with developed nations because of th e lack of capital they possess. When a dominant group expands its power by taking over territory and increasing its existence and its resources, it is called expansion, which affects the international power structure that can possibly threaten world order.Even though it can be achieved through peaceful consecrates it mainly takes form in a conflict. In a stable global environment, interdependence, this means that nations rely upon others, can energise favorable outcomes. But in an unstable world order, it can lead to conflict and the possible subjugation of weaker nations. Throughout history, local communities and indigenous people have suffered dramatically from conflict and expansion as to a greater extent dominant groups have both directly and indirectly damaged their culture through the loss of customs, social structure and language.International crimes are criminal acts that have international repercussions on people, state, peace, law and enforcement of international law. T he ICC has the jurisdiction over some international crimes. Such international crimes include apartheid (South Africa), genocide (Rwanda), Crimes against humanity (Former Yugoslavia), war crimes (Kosovo), plagiarism and hijacking. In the international sphere, force plays an important role in maintaining law and order which are critical in the success of world order.The use of force is seen as the most obvious way to maintain order and pr so fart or resolve conflicts. But it comes with such negatives as being highly big-ticket(prenominal) and costly in terms of the civilians and soldiers lost. Over the last century two world organisations have been established to prevent war and have legal dominance to use force in certain circumstances. After World War mavin in 1920 the League of Nations was created as a place where governments could bring their disputes.But the L of N had no automatic right to intervene and most governments didnt agree in bringing disputes before it. With limit ed membership and those that were members werent accustomed to working together, it was flawed. It was however able to make progress in the suppression of slavery, world health, the protection and care for refugees and settling minor disputes. But once the 1930s began it cease to have any political relevance. After the failure of the League of Nations the United Nations formed, which founded a have that outlined its purpose and methods of achieving its goals.The Un charter (1945) enshrined the idea that force or the threat of force should not be the norm in international relations. Although they were realistic enough to realise that force would quondam(prenominal)s be used. The UN was deliberately created as a more ambitious organisation and has six main organs The surety Council, the General Assembly, Secretariat, the Security Council, Economic and social Council, International chat up of Justice and Trusteeship Council. Membership is based on whether the nation state is peace loving and willing to accept all the obligations of the UN Charter.The Security Council consists of fifteen member states with only five permanent members, which have the power to veto majority decisions. These five permanent members are Britain, France, USA, China and Russian Federation, which smoothen the dominance each has in the world order (except Russia). The UN gives the Security Council, which is responsible for international peace and security, two ways of dealing with a threat to world peace. The first involves the use of peaceful methods such as economic sanctions. The second involves the use of armed forces. Peacekeeping is defined by as The maintenance of international peace using formed troops under UN control to prevent the outbreak or renewal of fighting or by stabilising a situation suitablely to promote peace. Butterworths Australian Legal Dictionary. The Un Peacekeepers are an assembly of a very diverse, international group of soldiers and civilians, which as sists in settling disputes that restores the peace in an area. However it doesnt constitute an army as often they are made up of doctors, nurses and pilots.In many situations UN peacekeepers help clear landmines, train civilians and even monitor elections. For example in Namibia, the UN peacekeepers supervised a democratic election, which lead to the countys sovereignty. The presence of peacekeepers can have positive affects such as the limit in the spread of violence in Haiti and Cyprus, but in other places they have been less successful i. e. the UN peacekeeping mission in Somalia in 1992. As Somalia go away into clan-based civil war, the country collapsed and the UN was unable to restore peace and eventually departed as Somalia remained in chaos.Originally the five permanent members of the Security Council were meant to coordinate the peacekeeping forces. But in reality they are conducted out human face the UNs regular budget, where national governments deployed troops to the pe acekeeping efforts. Much of the peacekeeping is d whizz by Ireland, Sweden and Australia. Australia has contributed all military forces or police to 54 peacekeeping forces and in 1999-2000 Australia played a leading role in reestablishing order in East Timor. Australia has also conducted peacekeeping efforts outside of the UNs operation in Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea.On the other hand the UN peacekeepers are limited in their effectiveness as they can only use force in self-defense, therefore they cannot directly intervene unless they are shot at and made themselves targets of conflict. Due to the dominance of some states in the world order, there is no equal treatment between nations states, which are members of the UN. Even though the UN charter states that there must be equality, in practice it does not exist. Due to the nature of certain UN bodies it is inevitable that smaller states are marginalized.However the situating of the United Nations in New York enables every member to sit side by side and have an immediate translation of languages, which breaks down barriers to communication. The UN has successfully raised the conscience of human rights through its conventions and the attention to specific abuses through its resolutions. But its ability to function is hampered by its financial problems as it is expected to govern the country on $8 billion per year, which is less than the amount of money the world spends on defense each week.It is resource ineffective as it ahs gone deeper in to debt as countries are slow to pay. Its enforceability is limited as it lacks the power to sufficient pay equal force to every nation should members ignore UN resolutions. War is not the only means of ending a conflict a more peaceful method is through international tribunals. The International Court of Justice is an arm of the UN and is therefore one of the worlds main judicial bodies. Established in 1946, it is sometime referred to as the world homage. With it s jurisdiction applies when it is in accordance with international law.Its primary role is to decide matters submitted by countries and to advise on the matters. It can also apply its authority when there is a special agreement about a dispute in which the parties to a treaty nominate the ICJ as the mechanism for resolution. The ICJ is a permanent court where 15 judges are elected by the UN Security Council and the General assembly. Not only can the ICJ resolve disputes by reservation a ruling, it can also generate political pressure to persuade countries to alter their behavior. In theory, the courts decisions are medical dressing and without appeal.However in practice the losing ships company unwilling to abide by the ruling and the Security Council often limits its effectiveness is restricted to enforce the ruling. For example in the case of the US versus Nicaragua (1984), the decision tell that the US had to cease unlawful terrorist activities against Nicaragua and ordered t hat the US pay reparation. However they refused to pay and subsequently withdrew from the ICJ. But one of the main limitations the ICJ has is that only states can be parties to cases before the court. No individual, organisation or company can bring forth a matter.Plus both parties need to agree to have the court hear the matter. This is a dilemma in itself as the rulings are final and no country is going to openly dispute the matter where there is a possibility of losing. Its restrictive power reduces its ability to take initiatives and its lack of power to enforce and police its decisions has become a major criticism. The International miserable Court ICC was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for committing genocide, crimes against humanity, crimes of aggression and war crimes.The ICC is a treaty based, legal entity independent from the UN. Despite this autonomy it works closely with the UN to promote the rule of law. The ICC has the power to im prison the offender if found guilty for life but does not offer the death penalty. One of the main objectives to the ICC is that some countries believe that there is little supervision of the courts apparatuses and the verdicts whitethorn become subject to political matters. For the ICC, it has taken four old age for the required sixty signatures to be gained and the treaty ratified.The United States of America can undermine the proceedings of the court by refusing to supply evidence and witnesses, like any other country can. During the 1990s several atrocities where occurring in the Balkans and Africa. This resulted in specialist tribunals developed to deal with the specific investigations. War crimes and crimes against humanity were happening in designer Yugoslavia. Thus in 1993 the UN Security Council created a new war crimes tribunal. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) had the jurisdiction over breaches of the Geneva Conventions and internatio nal usual law.On 12 February 2002, Slobodan Milosevic, the former president of Yugoslavia was charged of the planning and implementing, on a widespread and systematic scale and attack on the civilian nation of Kosovo. Kosovo, which was a province of Serbia, had a majority population of Muslim Albanians and Slobodan was accused of leading a campaign of ethnical cleansing. This was the first time a former head of state had faced charges of crimes against humanity. Unfortunately Milosevic died in 2006 before his trial concluded.The fact that the ICTY tried Slobodan, illustrate that justice can be achieved when nations cooperate with the international community. In Africa, more specifically Rwanda, genocide was occurring between the two main ethnic groups the Hutu and Tutsis. Based on the ICTY model in 1994 the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda was established to prosecute those responsible for genocide in the republic. This tribunal was instated in response to over whelming pressures and has started a series of trials.These Ad Hoc tribunals have one specific purpose and may take time to be established which could mean the loss of thousands of lives. It is not a permanent body and will scatter once trials have concluded. Sometimes as in the case with the ICTY where the main target is one person, it can suppress other investigations as most of its resources may be deployed in trailing that one person. The nature of Ad Hoc has proved to be cost ineffective and time consuming. International instruments such as treaties and wonted(a) law form the principle source of international law and are some measures of achieving world order.Treaties, which can also be called conventions, statutes or charters, are binding agreements. They formalise the process where by governments through international agencies work together on common problems. The two types of treaties are bilateral and multilateral treaties in where states agree on terms and the parties are therefor e bond by it. Since 1945 there has been some significant treaties signed that are an indispensable part of the current world order

Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus Essay Example for Free

Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus EssayCivil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the fightfare on Terror founder all played a role throughout history. Throughout history, the motivation of mans self interest has concluded in the domination of those with weeny or no power in the absence of the rule of police. The war on consternation presents an unpredictable challenge for the united States since terrorists are apprehended and divest of due process. Habeas principal is considered to be one of the most fundamental guarantees of personal liberty that we cherished as a country since the inception of our Constitution. However, debates get hold of arisen regarding the strait-laced use of habeas head making the focus be brought back in the past decade. Since family 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the joined States, many people have been detained by the U. S. government as part of its war on terror. Many of these detainees face indefinite detention and have non yet been charged with a cr ime. The right of Habeas corpus overrules mans interpretation and allows those accused federal and state court representation before a judge, or jury.The accusers deemed innocent until prove guilty, they have the right to representation, and appear in person for the charges brought frontward. The purpose of this paper is to show how Habeas corpus came about, and its suspension by the United States. Also, the war on terror will be addressed along with the Supreme court of laws interpretation. Learning the history of Habeas corpus and how it works, allows us to see just how these rights are hypothetical to be carried out from our Constitution and not to be reconciled with.Habeas corpus is a judicially enforceable order issued by a court of law to the prison official ordering that a prisoner be brought to court so it can be determined whether or not has been lawfully intent or should be released from custody. The right of Habeas corpus is the constitutionally bestowed right of a person to present evidence before a court of law, showing that he/she has been wrongly imprisoned. Habeas corpus is granted in Article l of the Constitution which states, The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the Public Safety may require it. (Farrell, Iowa College)Habeas Corpus Petition is a petition filed with a court when someone objects to his own or some others imprisonment. The petition mush show that the court ordering the imprisonment make a legal or factual error. The laws are put forth for a modal(a) trial and freedom from laws passed after the fact. Ultimately, they protect us from the whim of those powers, and distinguish a government of laws from government of men. The historical phylogeny of Habeas corpus born from the Magna Carta, known as the face Bill of Rights, began in England in the early 1200s.King John of England initiated long drawn out wars against people. Growing drop of King Joh ns lack of leadership, concerned for the citizens they decided to come up with the Magna Carta which would limit the amount of power his Monarchy had. By means of fear and military force the Barons forced the King to accept and acknowledge the agreement that would honor the constitutional rights, privilege, and the greater protection of the people. Upon signing it meant that it would be null and nullify forever. (Harringer, K.J, 2011)The Magna Carta states, no free man shall be taken or imprisoned or diseased or exiled or in any other management destroyed except by the lawful judgment of their peers or by the law of the land. (Obban, 2011) Habeas corpus was unknown to many civil law systems in Europe. European civil law systems generally favored authority from the pass away down whereas Angelo-Saxon common law tends to favor the individual. The Angelo-Saxon common law comes from England, after the English Civil War and the beheading of King Charles l in 1649 it led to establishi ng a clear position between King and citizen.Therefore, all the confrontation of top to bottom civil law principles continuously kept yielding with the ancient but law of the land. As a feature of common law, the right of Habeas corpus reflects the age old contest between individual and the state. Habeas corpus empowers the individual in holding accountable the exercise of the states power to influence liberty. Our founding fathers were surface aware of the Magna Carta, and its astonishing abilities to be something great especially crowd Madison who was the primary architect of the American Bill of Rights.Greatly influenced by the potential of the agreement, James Madison began his own interpretation. James Madison borrowed heavily from Article 39 of the Magna Carta which limited the legislative power. Madison was a key player in increment that particular article into the Bill of Rights. It was through Magna Carta and our founding fathers interpretation of that article that the A merican courts used and still use today when interpreting the rights of resistance combatants. (Halliday, 2011) September 24th 1862 Lincoln issued a proclamation suspending the writs of Habeas corpus nationwide and specified whose rights would be suspended.All traitors and rebel militias against the U. S. shall be subject to martial law and liable to trial and punishment. (Longley, 2012) In 1866 after the American Civil War had ended the Supreme judicature officially and fully restored Habeas corpus throughout the entire nation. That would not be the first time a chairwoman would suspend the writ of Habeas corpus. On October 17, 2006 President George Bush suspended the right of Habeas corpus by ascertain that certain persons were in fact enemy combatant during the Global War on Terror.It came about from before the September 11, 2001 terrorists attacks, hundreds of people have been detained by the United States government as part of its war on terror at locations such as the Guan tanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba and Bagram Airfield in Afghanistan. Most of these detainees have faced indefinite detention and have neither been charged with a crime nor afforded prisoner of war Status. Many of these prisoners have sought-after(a) out to use Habeas corpus proceedings to challenge the legality of their detention.However, the government decided that their status as enemy combatants outside of the sovereign territory of the United States. In 2004, the United States Supreme Court determined that non-citizen detainees at Guantanamo Bay were entitled to file habeas corpus petitions in federal courts. Congress subsequently made a political determination as to the appropriate scope of habeas corpus and passed legislation that stripped federal courts of jurisdiction to hear Habeas corpus petitions brought by enemy combatants.However, the ruling was shortly overturned which led to President George Bush signing the law of suspending the right of habeas corpus. President Bushs a ction drew operose criticism, mainly for the laws failure to specifically designate who in the United States will determine who is and who is not an enemy combatant. Both presidents authorized sharp criticism for carrying out what many believed to be an attack on the Constitution. President Bush suspended writs of Habeas corpus through his support and signing into law of the Military Commissions Act of 2006.The bill grants the President of the United States almost unlimited authority in establishing and conducting military commissions to try persons held by the U. S. on the Global War of Terrorism. In addition, the Act suspends the right of illegitimate enemy combatants to present, or to have presented in their behalf. On June 12, 2008, the Supreme Court ruled in Boumediene v. Bush, 5 to 4 that Guantanamo captives were entitled to access the U. S. justice system. Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote in the majority opinion The laws and Constitution are designed to survive, and remain in force, in extraordinary times.The Court also ruled that the Combatant Status Review Tribunals were inadequate. Chief Justice John Stevens joined Kennedy in the majority. Chief Justice John Roberts, in the minority opinion, called the CSR Tribunals the most generous set of procedural protections ever afforded aliens detained by this country as enemy combatants. The Supreme Court ruling responded by Vincent rabbit warren (executive director of the Center for Constitutional Rights) actions. The Supreme Court has finally given the men held at Guantanamo the justice that always deserved.By granting the right of Habeas corpus, the Supreme Court recognizes a rule of law that was established hundreds of years ago. This 6 year long crisis is a lesson on how fragile our constitutional protections truly are in the hands of very persistent executives. The role of presidents is a very hot topic throughout history on how they will act when the occasion arises with war on terror. I believe that m any presidents have abused their power in the past against the Constitution and have taken measures into their own hands.The role of the president is one of the hardest occupations out there since they decide on our fates of the future and our lives. Habeas corpus and the presidents role as commander-in-chief has to be terrifying when faced with the purpose on what to do on situations of dealing with enemy combatants. Therefore, every president wants to carry out the Constitution, but when faced with protecting our Nation it would seem unbearable. I agree that Congress should be able to deny or overturn the president when it comes to Habeas corpus so that not just one person is deciding the fate of others.Also, the Supreme Court should be the decision in the middle for a tie breaker so everyone gets the hearing that is deserved as circus and not unconstitutional. I do have concerns when it comes to our country war on terror because this is my nation and I want to protect it also. However, everyone has the right to a fair trial and is innocent until proven guilty we also need to stick to the laws that our founding fathers intended for us so that the government cannot bend the rules on situations.The evolution of Habeas corpus has brought out many key factors that our government needs follow. There have been many heated debates over the years on how we must not bend the laws that is why we have the Supreme Court and Congress stepping in over the commander-in-chief. Nevertheless, these laws are in place to protect everyone, moreover to avoid unlawful apprehension, and ensure that Habeas corpus works are intended by the Constitution.

Sepedi Language Module And Classroom Literacy Education Essay

Sepedi Language Module And Classroom Literacy Education EssayTry make an intro that introduces what you are creation asked to write about. (set the scene)South Africa is an extremely diverse hoidenish consisting of many different races, religions and cultures. Language works hand-in-hand with these three elements and is something that sets our country apart from the rest of the world. (find a commendation from eg Jacob Zuma about SAs languages)My mother tongue is English and my second language is Afrikaans and this year I was given the opportunity to choose one of the 11 prescribed African languages as a language mental faculty.The University believes that this will give us more understanding of kinroom literacies and and linguistic diversity in our country.I chose Sepedi as itThe purpose of having classroom literacy is to empower students to become literate in a particular language and thereafter to be able to express themselves in a professional manner in terms of that langu age and the subject they choose to teach using that language. It serves no purpose to father students learn a specific subject in a language, say Afrikaans that they are non familiar with and perhaps even admit no desire to learn, and then have to teach it in English or Sepedi. The reason therefore that Learning Institutions, such as accredited Universities same TUKS, offer Mother Tongue courses is but to counter this problem. One of the of import purposes would be Empowerment which would seem to be the catalyst in the drive to educate students in their preferred language. Another main purpose would be to break down the barrier that was created, albeit (too old fashioned) invisibly, between the Western and the African culture. Once this is achieved there could be harmony in the pagan diversities that exist.There is a huge linguistic diversity within all(a) Educational Institutions in South Africa. South Africa is one of the exceptionally few countries in the world that has el even official languages recorded in its Constitution. There are a handful of educational facilities that have been privatized and as part of their specific curriculum, that solo offer one standard language being English, as the preferred language. This type of institution would comm plainly offer one or two African languages as an optional language but in rise to power have three or four European languages such as German, Spanish, Italian and french as second and third languages. Public schools, by virtue of the volume of students with an African mother tongue and or the financial capability, or lack thereof, of the parents or guardians mainly offer English as the preferred language, and one to three of the ten remaining official languages as second and third language options. Students opting for an African language as their preferred language of learnedness and subsequent teaching would however need to clearly understand that they would, by virtue of their choice, be trammel i n terms of expanding their horizons outside the boundaries of South Africa. To clarify my point here are some examples Namibia which has Owambo, Damara, Herero, German, English and Afrikaans Botswana that has Setswana, English, Kalanga, Kgalagadi, Afrikaans and English Zimbabwe has Shona, Ndebele, English, Kalanga, Tonga and Mozambique which has Portuguese, Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, Shona.******* ******* *******Educators play a vital and essential role in the issue of sensitizing students to the diverse cultural differences in the language modules available. Whilst there may be those that share a different opinion on this issue, I believe it is essential that all basic education is done in English as this is the preferred international language on which virtually all education is based. Educators should never force students to learn a specific language because they personally either cannot speak it, like it or perhaps even are not able to teach that specific language. Having a second or third language can only be beneficial to those that can and will make use of this ability.I would see the benefit of having one or more additional language modules in African languages only for those students that have the desire to further their education in their desired field, or become teachers where they would be able to utilize what they have learnt pertaining specifically to the language they have chosen. Having said that, it is always beneficial to learn or have learnt any additional language. An implication of this would be that the student, who will ultimately be the teacher, will have to learn, and master, that specific language before they would be able to teach any learners or prospective students correctly. It serves no purpose to learn a language in a mediocre fashion and then attempt to teach learners in that mediocre fashion. The result would be catastrophic. So dramatic?In my personal opinion I feel that there are too many African language options availab le and then, by contrast, not enough impertinent ones available as choices or options for students. This would be particularly applicable to students that have a desire to expand their education in a foreign country where the language barrier could be the deciding factor when it comes to an application for a thought. It is always a prerequisite that any prospective candidate for a position in a foreign country is literate in that specific language or at least can show that they are learning or have an interest in the language. I also understand that there is a huge financial burden on Educational Institutions to have the infrastructure to be able to provide all these languages to their students. Software development is very expensive and takes a lot of time to develop and perfect. In addition to all the infrastructure and resources needed to offer all these languages, the Educational Institution would also have to employ additional mother tongue speaking and educate staff to teac h these languages at a cost. The cost would have to be weighed up against the time spent by each educator and compared to the number of students per class to see if this would be a viable option. The chance that such classes would be, could be or could even become viable, is highly unlikely and therefore would become a financial burden for the Institution.I am also of the opinion that no Educational Institution should or should have to offer language modules in all eleven languages. The reason for this is twofold one, that many of the African languages are very similar and could effectively be integrated into other languages and therefore do not warrant the vast expense of development and two, that the minority languages have so few students that it also does not make financial sense to do this. deplorably the financial implication plays a critical role in all decision making, not only in business but also in Education, in South Africa as in the rest of the world.******** ******* * *****What you learnt in the module include 4 examples of vocab or phrasesWhat you did in the moduleHow others felt about the moduleTalk about indebele assignment and what you gained from thatOverall do you feel that it was worth the time and effort?******** *********** ******In conclusion shopping center up classroom literaciesSum up foreign languagesSum up financial implicationsClose off with forming your opinion

Ways To Overcome Your Weaknesses English Language Essay

Ways To Overcome Your Weaknesses English Language EssayEveryone engage their own skills. Skills are the qualification to do something well. If you order your custom term root from our custom writing service you bequeath receive a perfectly written assignment on Personal Strengths and Weaknesses. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our sired writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, demesne the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Personal Strengths and Weaknesses paper right on time. The purpose of this paper is to clearly define each of my strengths and weaknesses and figure out a way to identify my someoneal strengths and weaknesses. In order for me to improve myself and enhance my learning process. I also believe realizing my strengths and weaknesses will help me to become to a slap-uper extent self-conscious and a well-rou nded individual.MAIN BODYStrengthMy strength is I will do the break down whatever is given to me and I finish as quickly as possible.Time Management, Flexible, Organiser and Open minded. I am incessantly positive attitude for every work whatever is given to me and I do that work patiently. I chip in ability to do the hard work and the perfect work. Any where I understructure get at friends easily. My strength is Dedication. If I begin to do a work I would never go anyplace without completion of the work. I am hardworking, self-motivated, cooperative and tramp easily adopt to any environment, use to be confident even when I was broken, have levelheaded understanding power. My strengths are that I believe in myself and I am self-motivated. I am of all time dedicated to my work and completed confidently what types of whole works have given me.WeaknessMy weakness is I do believe in pack easily specially those who put me into troubles. I timbre middle-level to others when I am not able to accomplish certain things mortalally speaking such as to become successful in my career and or not be able to build my own ideas. I am not an easy learner and sometimes feel inferior to others. I feel uncomfortable until I finish my work,I am over ambitious person, I am extravagant person. I have short temper. I target easily believe others, very feel not done my work. I sometimes over think on matters that delays my decision,Sometimes I hesitate in expressing myself. I cant unhappy more time, I dont nervous if any person told me my weak point. I am too friendly with a person which sometime puts me in trouble and because of that I faced lots of problems in my past.How to Overcome WeaknessesOvercoming your weaknesses may seem impossible, but it is not. People do it every day. You have probably overcome many weaknesses and not really even noticed it. Moving past your shortcomings requires that you love yourself enough to nurture yourself. If you had a friend who infall ible help and assistance, physically, emotionally, or mentally, you would go to that friend in an split second. Now, you must move toward the view thatyou are a friend of yours, too, and you must go to yourself sometimes for nurturing. It is always a much more rewarding task to increase positive qualities than reduce negative ones. If you lose your temper easily, you can focus on change magnitude your inner calmness. If you are prone to criticise others, try and increase the number of good things you see in everyone you meet. Working on positive goals turns the situation about from a struggle with the enemy within to a process of inner growth and blossoming.CONCLUSIONThe process of human improvement is not like instant coffee, or a miracle pill. There are ups, there are downs, and there are times you wonder if you are any better than when you started. Yet bear in mind that anything we did that ever brought us a feeling of joy and satisfaction, only came because we committed to i t and saw it through to the end. Unlearn your weakness and use them as stepping stones to greater strengths. Start finding ways to turn your weakness into strengths. There is no weakness in people they are only the choices, because you have allowed those choices. scrupleAccording to Confucius, you can lead horse to water but you cannot make it present. In the real life situation as a student, how would you drive yourself to have passion in study?INTRODUCTIONPassion is the energy that comes from bringing more of YOU into what you do. Simply put, its being who you are and doing what comes naturally. When what you do is in alignment with who you are, you quarter energy from doing it. Its like water flowing along its natural riverbed. It actually gains energy from the path its taking (compare that to what most people experience in their work, which is more like trying to force it up and over a mountain). Reading activity is a complex process. Reading involves a process of communicatio n amid readers and writers through writing resources.MAIN BODYRegardless of what ones motivation gain performance, they always in common that is, have an abundance of energy, daring to face the challengers and great ambition to be created. Thats why many experts think that the success of behavior is attitude. One of the factor that course a person to continue to be prompt performance gain is the ability to infuse his passion for performing. Here are some tips to infuse the spirit. They are two factors that make a person break motivated to learn they areFirst, the motivation to learn comes from internal factors. Motivation is formed due to self-awareness on the understanding of the importance of learning to develop itself and what it heart to live your life.Second, the motivation to learn from external factor, that could be a stimulus from another, or the surrounding environment can affect that individual psychological.Socialize with people who are keen to learn. Ever heard of th e right analogy friends with artisan blacksmith or seller of perfumes. If we get along with artisan blacksmith, then we went into smell destroy iron, and if mixing with perfume seller, we also will smell that sweet perfume. Familiarity and enthusiasm will spread to us. Socialize with people easily learn and performance, will make us even like to learn. In addition, try to find people or communities which have a good habit of studying. Ask about the experience in a vicissitude places to those who have or are currently pursuing studies at the higher levels, the people with scholarship study abroad or those who gets the credit for a performance.Next is, learn anything means learn here understood broadly, whether formal or non-formal. We can learn about a variety of computer skills such as rafting, learn to write, make films, studying entrepreneurship and others. Furthermore, learn from the internet. We can leverage the internet to join then group of people that can be easily learned. One of our list will provide a space to exchange ideas, thoughts, and self-motivation. For example, if you want motivated to learn English, we can get into emailprotected get off list.More over consort with people who are always sanguine and positive minded. In this world, there are people who always look optimistic despite problem. We will contract the spirit, passion, and senses of optimism if often socialize with people or in the lodge as such, and vice versa. Find motivator. Sometimes a person takes another person as a drive or a mentor in life. For example, a friend, girlfriend or spouse you too can do the same with finding a person or community that can help motivated you to learn gain performance. Learn The Understanding not Just memorize. Yes, the main function is why we must learn to understand new things. We can memorize 100% of all subjects detail, but the more in-chief(postnominal) thing is whether we are fully aware of all the memorized material. So before memorize d, always endeavor to understand first the outline of the subject matter.Ability We witness Train. Actually, we can train our brains own ability. At the end of each chapter lesson, usually always given to issues of training. Without waiting for instructions from the teacher, try to answer all these questions and micro chip the extent of our ability. If the answers do not matter in the book, try to ask the teacher.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, a joint venture between the government, private organizations, and the community is very important in an attempt to foster an interest in reading among students as future heir Malaysia. No point having a uninterrupted resolution, discuss finding a solution if not conducted in a systematic and widespread. You can lead horse to water but you cannot make it drink so as a parent they will asked you to study but they cant force you to study. You they want have to effort to study.

Advanced Metering Technology

Advanced Metering TechnologyAbstract This paper describes about the development of advanced metering and the precedent focusing system.Energy saving is the very important iodin in the world scenario. We need push button to do anything in this world. The demand of power is growing at a faster rate than the transmission capacity due to the increase in population killshoot and also increase in coal, fuel prices. To overpower the famine of power supply, this paper provides an overview of wireless demodulator network by managing an equal distribution of power to the consumers by using Zigbee engine room and also to distract the power theft problem. The Zigbee Digital Power meter (ZPM) which utilize the Wireless sensor network to s closing the power usage reading of the consumer node to the expertness provider section. The get-up-and-go provider side will display the vim unit consumed by the consumer in the LCD which placed in their homes. At the energy provider side they have the find to change priority of the devices when power distributed in low range.Keywords Power roll in the hayment system, wireless electric meter, Wireless sensor network, Zigbee etcINTRODUCTIONThe World is now facing a most critical problem of not getting a un blocked power supply. In galore(postnominal) countries, the people living there had not even getting the supply for their primary needs such as light,fan,tv etc.This occurs due to shortage of power supply.Due to enoromous growth in population the power distributed by the base station cannot be able to utilise equally by all the people living in the country.Because of over population,the demand of energy is increasing day-by-day.Inorder to overcome the shortage of power supply,government is underlying many an(prenominal) projects to provide continuous supply to the consumers by implanting nuclear power plants,by having MOU with foreign countries to get coal,fuels et,and many more.And also scientists are doing many experim ents,researches to provide more power supply to fulfil the peoples need.The governments are now taking many steps to save the energy instead of underlying power generation projects and this paper will be one of key for that.At existing system,the energy provider are shutting down the power supply inorder to save energy during the energy crisis time for more than 4hours per day.This causes discomfort to the below averaged and the middle home peoples are affecting more by power cut.The industries,companies,factories are having inverters to get continuous power supply.The peoples who does not have the inverters are suffering more. During the power shortage times many of them using AC(Air Conditioner),Fridge,Heater etc so demand of power is more i.e.,the nductive loads consuming more energy so the people who having single contour supply are having low-voltage problems.Through this method we can able to manage the power by providing energy only to the low power consuming devices the l ike fans,light,computer etc which are the primary needs.And not allowing the power to the high power consuming devices like air conditioner,heater,etc.To achieve this, system can be created which will stigmatize between high power and low power devices at every node and allow only low power devices to be ON.This can through by creating a wireless sensor network having number of nodes which communicate with each other in full duplex mode. The communication will represent of data transfer, check outling node operation. We are using zigbee protocol for the wireless communication.The main advantage of using ZigBee protocol is that the nodes require very less come in of power so it can be put awayd from battery.If any node which consumes more power than the allotted energy then the power flows that node gets cutted through the interrupt given through the zigbee so we can avoid the power theft. Each node is measuring the power, which is being consumed by the appliance and it is sent to the energy provider section through wireless sensor network and also the units consumed by the node is displayed in LCD which is place at the consumer side. The appliance is controlled by the end device i.e. node. An overall operation of the system controlled by the control device.The main purpose of the project is that the wireless sensor network will differentiate and control the devices in the network on the basis of power consumed by appliances to make the efficient use of power also to avoid power theft and units consumed by the node can also intimated to the consumer side and the energy provider side. Through that the consumer can able to monitor the usage of energy.Also we proposed the e-billing system in this paper. burster system for electricity consumption is manually done by human operator. Readings collected by human operator are used for bill calculation. manual of arms processing of billing system is very time consuming and it can cause human error also.The manual bill entry is inaccurate and inefficient.Due to the technology development we are using digital meter instead of analog meter. . It is convenient to implement wireless electric meter by interfacing Zigbee staff with the digital electronic meter. All digital electronic meter along with Zigbee module can form a network. The use of Wireless Personal Area Networks has been steadily increasing in recent years. The inconvenience and logistical concerns of laying wires for a communication network lay the ground for a much more appeal technologies incorporating wireless transmission. Removing the constraints of the physical installation of wires, wireless solutions provide diversity and in many applications can reduce cost.Data from electric meter such as meter reading can be transmitted to the energy provider Station from consumer node by forming a path using network topologies. Zigbee module support Star, Tree, and Mesh topology. Zigbee networks facilitate many applications, such as Co mmercial Building and Home Automation, Security, Healthcare Medical observe, Vehicle Monitoring, Agriculture and Environmental Monitoring and so on.The Zigbee protocol stack ground on IEEE 802.15.4 offers a practical, cost-effective solution for low-cost and low power consumption WPANs. . Zigbee is based on the IEEE 802.15.4 bill along with other protocols like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Zigbee operates in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio band, particular(prenominal)ally at 2.4 GHz internationally and 868MHz or 915 MHz in specific parts of the world. The simplicity and cost of Zigbee networks makes them a greater one for wireless control and monitoring applications. The Zigbee protocol can support over 65,565 nodes and can operate in three network topologies Mesh, Star and Ring.LITERATURE SURVEY2.1 S. Vukmirovic, A. Erdeljan, F. Kulic, and S. Lukovic, SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE FOR SMART METERING SYSTEMS WITH VIRTUAL POWER PLANT, in MELECON 2010-2010 15th IEEE Mediterrane an Electro practiced Conference. IEEE, 2010, pp. 448451.This paper presents a novel architecture for Smart Metering systems which enables their seamless, secure and efficient integration in wider Smart Grid software structures. Smart metering solutions represent one of the fastest evolving areas in the field of power distribution systems. There is an extensive interest of leading software vendors in the field, for development of architectures that can efficiently manage transmission, processing and storing of the tremendous amount of data produced by such metering devices deployed at the end-end side. The integration of these systems into existing power system software architectures (outage management, workforce management, etc.) represents a major challenge for the research community. In such an environment it is of fundamental importance to adopt standardized data exchange mechanisms. The proposed architecture is conceived as a modular and scalable structure so that it can suppo rt implementation of novel power distribution concepts as Virtual Power Plants (VPPs). The proposed architecture has been successfully tried and verified in real life operation as one of the modules of Smart Metering system named Meter Data Management (MDM).2.2 Z. Xiao, Y. Xiao, and D. H.-C. Du, NON-REPUDIATION IN NEIGHBORHOOD part NETWORKS FOR SMART GRID, IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 1826, 2013.Lack ofnon-repudiationis a major barrier to building a trustworthysmartgrid.Oncurrent power systems, bills are generated based on the amount of function consumed by residential or commercial users. However, meter readings may not be trustworthy due to malicious behavior (e.g., energy theft) or international attacks. The root cause is that power providers have no means to obtain the reading value other than receiving it from the others. To resolve this issue, we present a mutual brushup strategy, which enables no repudiation on meter readingsforsmartgrid. The goal of our schem e is to discover problematic meters that report inaccurate reading values.2.3 S. Depuru, L. Wang, V. Devabhaktuni, and N. Gudi, MEASURES AND SETBACKS FOR CONTROLLING ELECTRICITY THEFT, in IEEE coupling American Power Symposium, 2010, pp. 18.Most of the utility companies in developing countries incur huge losses because of the non-technical losses (NTL). It is very difficult to detect and control potential causes of NTL in developing countries due to their poor infrastructure. Electricity theft and billing irregularities form a major chunk of NTL. These losses affect the timberland of supply, electrical load on the generating station and tariff imposed on electricity consumed by genuine customers. This paper discusses various factors those influences the consumer to make an attempt to fall away electricity In addition, some handy cases where electricity theft are detected will be illustrated. In view of these ill effects, some methods for contracting and estimation of the theft will be discussed. This paper also illustrates several methods to quantify and control theft. In essence, setbacks for implementation of these measures and techniques will be illustrated in detail. The demand of this work is to conserve the interest of utility companies in providing quality electricity to genuine customers at affordable tariff. 2.4 C. Bandim, J. Alves Jr, A. Pinto Jr, F. Souza, M. Loureiro, C. Magalhaes, and F. Galvez-Durand, IDENTIFICATION OF ENERGY THEFT AND TAMPERED METERS USING A CENTRAL OBSERVER METER A MATHEMATICAL APPROACH, in IEEE/PES Transmission and dispersal Conference and Exposition, vol. 1, 2003, pp. 163168.This paper presents a new methodology to learn energy theft and tampered meters as well as meters that are not working properly. It is based on a central observer meter that is amenable for metering the overall energy of a group of consumers under investigation. Deterministic and statistic approaches are used to visualise which consumers have p roblems with their premises. Also, pattern recognition is used to discover energy theft using bypass.2.5 G. Hart, NONINTRUSIVE APPLIANCE LOAD MONITORING, Proc. IEEE, vol. 80, no. 12, pp. 18701891, 1992.A nonintrusive appliance load monitor that determines the energy consumption of individual appliances turning on and off in an electric load, based on detailed analysis of the current and voltage of the total load, as measured at the interface to the power reference is described. The theory and current practice of nonintrusive appliance load monitoring are discussed, including goals, applications, load models, appliance signatures, algorithms, prototype field-test results, current research directions, and the advantages and disadvantages of this approach sexual congress to intrusive monitoring.2.6 C. Bandim, J. Alves Jr, A. Pinto Jr, F. Souza, M. Loureiro, C. Magalhaes, and F. Galvez-Durand, IDENTIFICATION OF ENERGY THEFT AND TAMPERED METERS USING A CENTRAL OBSERVER METER A MATHEMA TICAL APPROACH, in IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, vol. 1, 2003, pp. 163168.This paper presents a new methodology to identify energy theft and tampered meters as well as meters that are not working properly. It is based on a central observer meter that is responsible for metering the overall energy of a group of consumers under investigation. Deterministic and statistic approaches are used to determine which consumers have problems with their premises. Also, pattern recognition is used to discover energy theft using bypass.III.BLOCK DIAGRAM

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Essay -- Sexual Harassment in the Wo

Obviously, it is a very natural thing for men and women to be attracted to each other in inner ways. Men, more than women, have been historically known to be far more aggressive in their advances toward women sexually and it varies from each woman as to how these aggressive advances afford them feel. Advances such as whistling, bottom go pasting and glaring are the types of things some men do to women in an attempt to show they are sexually attracted to them. These types of advances can be attempted just about anywhere the beach, the mall, in night clubs, walking down the street, or even in their place of employment. Where should the line be move as to where these advancements are appropriate and what can a woman do to protect herself from feeling uncomfortable while trying to make a biography? Women experiencing this type of treatment is a real problem in the workplace today and has been for many years. It has become to be known as sexual anguish and was given a wide ly used definition by Michael Rubenstein as unwanted conduct of a sexual nature or conduct based on sex which is offensive to the recipient(Collier 3). However, the term often has a very unclear definition in the legal since. Harassment is only harassment if it is felt to be so by the recipient(3). With that said, there is a very large range as to what could be felt as sexual harassment and that creates a prominent concern for men in the workplace and a need to be extremely careful as to what is said, the way you look, as well as what and where swearword employees are touched. A small, innocent touch on the shoulder could be seen as harassment just as a crude sexual pinch on the bottom by some women. Because of that, sexual harassment, rightfully so, is appro... ...others and I think that new and improved programs should always be implemented because many slew find ways around the system. In order to learn more about sexual harassment and prevent fraud, detailed reports sh ould continue to be unbroken for every case filed and each one should be investigated thoroughly. There are some women who leave behind file false sexual harassment charges against someone for individualised reasons. If this does happen, the male usually never comes out on the good end and the women remains employed at the company. Complete investigations will attempt this from happening and will assure that justice be kept in the workforce as well. Again, sexual harassment is always going to be a part of our world, that the companies that research and address the problem properly will remain on top while those who ignore it will loose more than they can imagine.

Survival Technology Essays -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Survival TechnologyArnold Paceys book, Technology in World Civilization A Thousand YearHistory argues that survival technology, the technology of production of food and other basic necessities, is dependent on the local environment and requireslocal solutions or else than solutions dictated by technologically superior scientists from other aras. Every culture has had a long experience with the environment they live in and have genuine ways to make food and other basic necessities. When outsiders with advanced technology interfere without taking input from the natives they can cause more damage thusly they solve.One of the most basic principles of survival technology is that the most advanced solution is not necessarily the best solution. An example of this principle occurred in the forties in India and China. Both countries took different approaches to solve there malaria problems. India which was more open to western ideas decided to spray the walls of every dwelling in India with DDT to bulge the malaria carrying mosquitoes. On the other hand China, which was not able to afford DDT, decided to inform the populace on how to avoid malaria, redesign the water courses and improve housing all in an attemptto reduce malaria. India had a more drastic drop in malaria cases, but Chinasdrop was more permanent. By the 1970s malaria cases began to fount in India, because of mosquitoes with immunity to DDT.(1) The quick technologically advanced solution was inferior to the steps the Chinese took to reduce the amount of malaria. Forcing advanced technology onto areas without that technology is normally not a good idea without proper thought put into it. A tractor would beless than useful... ...re the techniques that the farmers have already developed. This is unique to survival technology as there is no other technology division where the researchers would totally ignore the contributions and suggestions of those using the technology. These problems are only exac erbated when the scientists come from different areas and culturesthan the farmers there alleged(a) to be helping. In those cases the scientists not only ignore the contributions and suggestions of the farmers they generallyare ignorant of the environment as well. It would probably be best if the scientists would talk to the farmers they are trying to help.Works Cited1.Arnold Pacey, Technology in World Civilization A Thousand Year History, Basil Blackwood, 1990, pg 1892.Ibid, pg 1993.Ibid, pg 1994.Ibid, pg 199-2005.Ibid, pg 1996.Ibid, pg 192-1937.Ibid, pg 193